諷

See also: 讽

諷	U+8AF7, 諷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AF7

← 諶
[U+8AF6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

諸 →
[U+8AF8]

Translingual

Han character

諷 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口竹弓戈 (YRHNI), four-corner 0761₀, composition ⿰訁風)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1172, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35741
Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4000, character 10
Unihan data for U+8AF7

Chinese

trad.		諷
simp.		讽
alternative forms		風／风

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (凡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嵐	*b·ruːm
葻	*b·uːm
釩	*pʰomʔ
汎	pʰoms, bum
凡	*bom
帆	bom, boms
颿	bom, boms
軓	*bomʔ
梵	bloms, bum
芃	boːŋ, bum
風	plum, plums
飌	*plum
楓	*plum
猦	*plum
偑	*plum
檒	*plum
瘋	*plum
諷	*plums
堸	*blum
渢	*blum
鳳	*bums

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *plums): semantic 言 + phonetic 風 (OC *plum, *plums).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fěng, fèng

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄥˇ, ㄈㄥˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fong³
Cantonese (Jyutping): fung³
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horng³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hong / hóng

(Teochew, Peng'im): hong³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵fon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fěng
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fǒng
  - Wade–Giles: fêng³
  - Yale: fěng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feeng
  - Palladius: фэн (fɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fòng
  - Wade–Giles: fêng⁴
  - Yale: fèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenq
  - Palladius: фэн (fɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fong³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /foŋ⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fung³
  - Yale: fung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fung³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hô̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong
  - Tâi-lô: hong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hofng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng
  - Tâi-lô: hóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: horng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hong³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hoŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵fon
  - MiniDict: fon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²fon
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /foŋ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: pjuwngH

Rime
Character	諷
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	方鳳切
Baxter	pjuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨuŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/piuŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/piuŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puwŋ^H/
Li Rong	/piuŋ^H/
Wang Li	/pĭuŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯uŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fung³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*prəm-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*plums/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諷
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fèng
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuwng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*prəm-s/
English	to recite
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諷
Reading #	1/1
No.	2928
Phonetic component	凡
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*plums/

Definitions

諷

to satirize; to mock; to criticize; to remonstrate (using implicit language)
to advise using mild and indirect language; to suggest in a tactful and veiled manner
(literary) to recite; to incant

Compounds

仿諷 / 仿讽
借古諷今 / 借古讽今 (jiègǔfěngjīn)
傳諷 / 传讽
冷嘲熱諷 / 冷嘲热讽 (lěngcháorèfěng)
勸百諷一 / 劝百讽一
反諷 / 反讽 (fǎnfěng)
嘲諷 / 嘲讽 (cháofěng)
嘲諷漫罵 / 嘲讽漫骂
悲劇反諷 / 悲剧反讽
規諷 / 规讽
託諷 / 托讽
諷一勸百 / 讽一劝百
諷刺 / 讽刺 (fěngcì)
諷刺劇 / 讽刺剧
諷刺文字 / 讽刺文字
諷刺畫 / 讽刺画 (fěngcìhuà)
諷味 / 讽味
諷喻 / 讽喻 (fěngyù)
諷示 / 讽示
諷經 / 讽经
諷詞 / 讽词
諷誦 / 讽诵
諷諫 / 讽谏 (fěngjiàn)
諷諭 / 讽谕 (fěngyù)
諷諭詩 / 讽谕诗
諷讀 / 讽读
譏諷 / 讥讽 (jīfěng)
降格仿諷 / 降格仿讽

Japanese

Kanji

諷

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: ふ (fu)、ふう (fū)
Kan-on: ほう (hō)
Kun: そらんじる (soranjiru, 諷んじる)、うたう (utau, 諷う)^{←うたふ (utafu, 諷ふ, historical)}、いさめる (isameru, 諷める)

Korean

Hanja

諷 • (pung) (hangeul 풍)

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Vietnamese

Han character

諷: Hán Nôm readings: phúng

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