悄然
Chinese
| quiet; sad | so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (悄然) | 悄 | 然 | |
| simp. #(悄然) | 悄 | 然 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎorán
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˇ ㄖㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎorán
- Wade–Giles: chʻiao3-jan2
- Yale: chyǎu-rán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheauran
- Palladius: цяожань (cjaožanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ciu2 jin4
- Yale: chíu yìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu2 jin4
- Guangdong Romanization: qiu2 yin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiːu̯³⁵ jiːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ciao2 riang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiáu jiâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiau⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Teochew)
Adverb
悄然
- (literary) sorrowfully; sadly
- (literary) quietly; softly
Adjective
悄然
- (literary) distressed; laden with grief; sad
Synonyms
- 京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
- 傷心 / 伤心 (shāngxīn)
- 傷悲 / 伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
- 傷感 / 伤感 (shānggǎn)
- 傷懷 / 伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
- 傷痛 / 伤痛 (shāngtòng)
- 傷神 / 伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
- 刺心 (cìxīn)
- 哀傷 / 哀伤 (āishāng)
- 哀切 (āiqiè)
- 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
- 哀悽 / 哀凄 (āiqī)
- 哀慟 / 哀恸 (āitòng)
- 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
- 哀痛 (āitòng)
- 哀苦 (āikǔ)
- 心酸 (xīnsuān)
- 怛傷 / 怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
- 情傷 / 情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
- 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
- 悲傷 / 悲伤 (bēishāng)
- 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
- 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
- 悲悽 / 悲凄 (bēiqī)
- 悽惶 / 凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
- 悱惻 / 悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
- 悽愴 / 凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
- 悲愴 / 悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
- 悲慟 / 悲恸 (bēitòng)
- 悲慘 / 悲惨 (bēicǎn)
- 悽戚 / 凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
- 悲戚 (bēiqī)
- 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
- 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
- 悲涼 / 悲凉 (bēiliáng)
- 悲痛 (bēitòng)
- 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
- 感傷 / 感伤 (gǎnshāng)
- 愀愴 / 愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
- 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
- 惻然 / 恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
- 愴然 / 怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
- 慘 / 惨 (cǎn)
- 憂傷 / 忧伤 (yōushāng)
- 慘悽 / 惨凄 (cǎnqī)
- 憂愁 / 忧愁 (yōuchóu)
- 憂戚 / 忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
- 慘淡 / 惨淡 (cǎndàn)
- 憯懍 / 憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
- 懤懤 / 㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
- 沉痛 (chéntòng)
- 淒切 / 凄切 (qīqiè)
- 淒惻 / 凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
- 淒慘 / 凄惨 (qīcǎn)
- 淒楚 / 凄楚 (qīchǔ)
- 淒涼 / 凄凉 (qīliáng)
- 淒然 / 凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
- 痛心 (tòngxīn)
- 艱苦心 / 艰苦心 (Hokkien)
- 蒼涼 / 苍凉 (cāngliáng)
- 酸心 (suānxīn)
- 難受 / 难受 (nánshòu)
- 難過 / 难过 (nánguò)
- 青凊 (Hokkien)
- 黯然 (ànrán)
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 悄 | 然 |
| しょう Hyōgai |
ぜん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Adjective
悄然 • (shōzen) ←せうぜん (seuzen)?†-tari (adnominal 悄然とした (shōzen to shita) or 悄然たる (shōzen taru), adverbial 悄然と (shōzen to) or 悄然として (shōzen to shite))
Inflection
Classical conjugation of "悄然たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 悄然たら | せうぜんたら | seuzentara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 悄然と[1] 悄然たり[2] |
せうぜんと せうぜんたり |
seuzento seuzentari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 悄然たり | せうぜんたり | seuzentari | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 悄然たる | せうぜんたる | seuzentaru | |
| Realis (已然形) | 悄然たれ | せうぜんたれ | seuzentare | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 悄然たれ | せうぜんたれ | seuzentare | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | 悄然たらず | せうぜんたらず | seuzentarazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | 悄然たれど | せうぜんたれど | seuzentaredo | |
| Causal conjunction | 悄然たれば | せうぜんたれば | seuzentareba | |
| Conditional conjunction | 悄然たらば | せうぜんたらば | seuzentaraba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 悄然たりき | せうぜんたりき | seuzentariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 悄然たりけり | せうぜんたりけり | seuzentarikeri | |
| Adverbial | 悄然と | せうぜんと | seuzento | |
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||