淒慘
Chinese
| intense cold; mournful | miserable; wretched; cruel miserable; wretched; cruel; inhuman; seriously; badly; tragic | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (淒慘/悽慘) | 淒/悽 | 慘 | |
| simp. (凄惨) | 凄 | 惨 | |
| alternative forms | 凄慘 青慘／青惨 Hokkien | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qīcǎn
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ ㄘㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cicǎn
- Wade–Giles: chʻi1-tsʻan3
- Yale: chī-tsǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chitsaan
- Palladius: цицань (cicanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡sʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: cai1 caam2
- Yale: chāi cháam
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsai1 tsaam2
- Guangdong Romanization: cei1 cam2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːm³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhî-chhám
- Hakka Romanization System: qiˊ camˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: qi1 cam3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi²⁴ t͡sʰam³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe-chhám
- Tâi-lô: tshe-tshám
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhezharm
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³ t͡sʰam⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰam⁵³/
- IPA (Singapore): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰam⁴²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou, Tainan, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhi-chhám
- Tâi-lô: tshi-tshám
- Phofsit Daibuun: chizharm
- IPA (Singapore): /t͡sʰi⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰam⁴²/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰam⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰi⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰam⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei, Tainan): /t͡sʰi⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰam⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Tainan, Philippines, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiⁿ-chhám
- Tâi-lô: tshinn-tshám
- Phofsit Daibuun: chvizharm
- IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /t͡sʰĩ³³ t͡sʰam⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Tainan): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰam⁵³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰam⁵³/
- IPA (Singapore): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰam⁴²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheⁿ-chhám
- Tâi-lô: tshenn-tshám
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhvezharm
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰam⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Singapore)
Note: chhiⁿ-chhám/chheⁿ-chhám - also written as 青慘.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ci1 cam2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshi tshám
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰi³³⁻²³ t͡sʰam⁵²/
- (Teochew)
Adjective
淒慘
Synonyms
- 京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
- 傷心 / 伤心 (shāngxīn)
- 傷悲 / 伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
- 傷感 / 伤感 (shānggǎn)
- 傷懷 / 伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
- 傷痛 / 伤痛 (shāngtòng)
- 傷神 / 伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
- 刺心 (cìxīn)
- 哀傷 / 哀伤 (āishāng)
- 哀切 (āiqiè)
- 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
- 哀悽 / 哀凄 (āiqī)
- 哀慟 / 哀恸 (āitòng)
- 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
- 哀痛 (āitòng)
- 哀苦 (āikǔ)
- 心酸 (xīnsuān)
- 怛傷 / 怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
- 悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
- 情傷 / 情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
- 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
- 悲傷 / 悲伤 (bēishāng)
- 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
- 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
- 悲悽 / 悲凄 (bēiqī)
- 悽惶 / 凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
- 悱惻 / 悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
- 悲愴 / 悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
- 悽愴 / 凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
- 悲慟 / 悲恸 (bēitòng)
- 悲慘 / 悲惨 (bēicǎn)
- 悽戚 / 凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
- 悲戚 (bēiqī)
- 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
- 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
- 悲涼 / 悲凉 (bēiliáng)
- 悲痛 (bēitòng)
- 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
- 感傷 / 感伤 (gǎnshāng)
- 愀愴 / 愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
- 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
- 惻然 / 恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
- 愴然 / 怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
- 慘 / 惨 (cǎn)
- 憂傷 / 忧伤 (yōushāng)
- 慘悽 / 惨凄 (cǎnqī)
- 憂愁 / 忧愁 (yōuchóu)
- 憂戚 / 忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
- 慘淡 / 惨淡 (cǎndàn)
- 憯懍 / 憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
- 懤懤 / 㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
- 沉痛 (chéntòng)
- 淒切 / 凄切 (qīqiè)
- 淒惻 / 凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
- 淒楚 / 凄楚 (qīchǔ)
- 淒涼 / 凄凉 (qīliáng)
- 淒然 / 凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
- 痛心 (tòngxīn)
- 艱苦心 / 艰苦心 (Hokkien)
- 蒼涼 / 苍凉 (cāngliáng)
- 酸心 (suānxīn)
- 難受 / 难受 (nánshòu)
- 難過 / 难过 (nánguò)
- 青凊 (Hokkien)
- 黯然 (ànrán)
Derived terms
Interjection
淒慘
- (Eastern Min) wow!; amazing!