悠然

Chinese

	at ease; long (in time); sad	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (悠然)	悠	然
simp. ^#(悠然)	悠	然
alternative forms	攸然

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yōurán

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡㄖㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴ jin⁴
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): hiun¹ riang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yōurán
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡㄖㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yourán
  - Wade–Giles: yu¹-jan²
  - Yale: yōu-rán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iouran
  - Palladius: южань (južanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jau⁴ jin⁴
  - Yale: yàuh yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴ jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴ yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    柔然
    油然
    蚰蜒
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiun¹ riang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiuⁿ jiâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩũ³³⁻²³ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: yuw nyen

Rime
Character	悠	然
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	以周切	如延切
Baxter	yuw	nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨu/	/ȵiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/jiu/	/ȵiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/iəu/	/ȵʑjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juw/	/ȵian/
Li Rong	/iu/	/ȵiɛn/
Wang Li	/jĭəu/	/ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯u/	/ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóu	rán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau⁴	jin⁴

Adjective

悠然

leisurely and carefree; comfortable and content
- 採菊東籬下，悠然見南山。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 5th century, 陶淵明 (Tao Yuanming), 飲酒·其五
  Cǎi jú dōng lí xià, yōurán jiàn Nánshān. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
distant; far back; long ago
vast; extensive

Derived terms

悠然神往
悠然自得 (yōuránzìdé)
悠然自適 / 悠然自适

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (悠然):

→ Japanese: 悠然(ゆうぜん) (yūzen)
→ Korean: 유연(悠然) (yuyeon)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
悠	然
ゆう Grade: S	ぜん Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ゆうぜん [yùúzéń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ːzẽ̞ɴ]

Adjective

悠(ゆう)然(ぜん) • (yūzen) ^†-tari (adnominal 悠(ゆう)然(ぜん)とした (yūzen to shita) or 悠(ゆう)然(ぜん)たる (yūzen taru), adverbial 悠(ゆう)然(ぜん)と (yūzen to) or 悠(ゆう)然(ぜん)として (yūzen to shite))

calm, with composure
Synonym: 余裕綽々

悠然(ゆうぜん)たる態度(たいど)
yūzen taru taido
a calm attitude

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]