悠

悠	U+60A0, 悠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60A0

← 悟
[U+609F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

悡 →
[U+60A1]

Translingual

Han character

悠 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人大心 (OKP), four-corner 2833₄, composition ⿱攸心)

Derived characters

滺

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 388, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10681
Dae Jaweon: page 720, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2300, character 15
Unihan data for U+60A0

Chinese

trad.		悠
simp. ^#		悠

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (攸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
絛	*l̥ʰɯːw
窱	ʔl'ɯːwʔ, l̥ʰɯːws
蓧	l̥ʰɯːw, l'ɯːwɢ
條	*l'ɯːw
鋚	*l'ɯːw
鞗	*l'ɯːw
樤	*l'ɯːw
鰷	*l'ɯːw
莜	*l'ɯːws
翛	slɯːw, hljɯwɢ
筱	*slɯːwʔ
篠	*slɯːwʔ
修	*slɯw
脩	*slɯw
樇	*slɯw
滫	*slɯwʔ
悠	*lɯw
攸	*lɯw
浟	*lɯw
蓨	*l̥ʰɯːwɢ
滌	*l'ɯːwɢ
儵	*hljɯwɢ
倐	*hljɯwɢ
倏	*hljɯwɢ
虪	*hljɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lɯw): phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 心 (“heart; mind”)

Etymology

Uncertain. Compare with Burmese ယော်ယမ်း (yauyam:, “to yearn for a distant thing”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yōu (you¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yû
Eastern Min (BUC): iù
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hiu¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iu / iû

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiun¹ / hiu¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ieu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: you
  - Wade–Giles: yu¹
  - Yale: yōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iou
  - Palladius: ю (ju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jau⁴
  - Yale: yàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
  - Hakka Romanization System: iu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯u²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieu⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hiu¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiu⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hiu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiu⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu / iû
  - Tâi-lô: iu / iû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iw, iuu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iu⁴⁴/, /iu²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iu³³/, /iu²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu⁴⁴/, /iu¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iu⁴⁴/, /iu²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴⁴/, /iu²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiun¹ / hiu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiuⁿ / hiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩũ³³/, /hiu³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ieu
  - MiniDict: ieu^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ieu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɤ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: yuw

Rime
Character	悠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以周切
Baxter	yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/jiu/
Shao Rongfen	/iəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juw/
Li Rong	/iu/
Wang Li	/jĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*liw/

(Zhengzhang): /*lɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	悠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōu
Middle Chinese	‹ yuw ›
Old Chinese	/*liw/
English	long-brooding
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悠
Reading #	1/1
No.	15479
Phonetic component	攸
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	猷
Old Chinese	/*lɯw/

Definitions

悠

remote; distant
leisurely
悠遊字在／悠游字在 ― Yōuyóu Zìzài ― An animated series, also known as The Wonderful World of Chinese Characters
to swing

Compounds

悠久 (yōujiǔ)
悠停
悠哉 (yōuzāi)
悠哉悠哉 (yōuzāiyōuzāi)
悠忽
悠思
悠悠 (yōuyōu)
悠悠忽忽
悠悠盪盪 / 悠悠荡荡
悠揚 / 悠扬 (yōuyáng)
悠然 (yōurán)
悠著
悠蕩 / 悠荡 (yōudàng)
悠謬 / 悠谬
悠遊 / 悠游 (yōuyóu)
悠遠 / 悠远 (yōuyuǎn)
悠邈
悠長 / 悠长 (yōucháng)
悠閒 / 悠闲 (yōuxián)
悠闇 / 悠暗
悠陽 / 悠阳
悠颺 / 悠飏
慢悠悠 (mànyōuyōu)
晃悠
晃晃悠悠 (huànghuangyōuyōu)
篤悠悠 / 笃悠悠
蕩悠悠 / 荡悠悠
蕩蕩悠悠 / 荡荡悠悠
謬悠 / 谬悠
謬悠之說 / 谬悠之说
顫悠 / 颤悠
顫悠悠 / 颤悠悠
飄悠 / 飘悠

References

“悠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “悠”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 288.

Japanese

Kanji

悠

(Jōyō kanji)

permanence

Readings

Go-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)^{←いう (iu, historical)}
Kan-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)^{←いう (iu, historical)}
Kun: とおい (tōi, 悠い)、はるか (haruka, 悠か)
Nanori: ちか (chika)、ちかし (chikashi)、はるか (haruka)、ひさ (hisa)、ひさし (hisashi)、ゆ (yu)

Proper noun

悠(ゆう) • (Yū)

a male given name

Proper noun

悠(はるか) • (Haruka)

a female given name

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ju]
Phonetic hangul: [유]

Hanja

Wikisource

悠 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

悠: Hán Nôm readings: du, đu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.