改良
Chinese
to change; to alter; to transform to change; to alter; to transform; to correct |
good; very; very much | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (改良) |
改 | 良 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): goi2 loeng4
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gǎiliáng
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˇ ㄌㄧㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gǎiliáng
- Wade–Giles: kai3-liang2
- Yale: gǎi-lyáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaeliang
- Palladius: гайлян (gajljan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: goi2 loeng4
- Yale: gói lèuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: goi2 loeng4
- Guangdong Romanization: goi2 lêng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔːi̯³⁵ lœːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kái-liông
- Tâi-lô: kái-liông
- Phofsit Daibuun: kaylioong
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kái-liâng
- Tâi-lô: kái-liâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: kayliaang
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liaŋ²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liaŋ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liaŋ²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: goi2 liang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kói liâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /koi⁵²⁻³⁵ liaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
Verb
改良
Synonyms
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 改 | 良 |
| かい Grade: 4 |
りょう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
改良 • (kairyō)
Antonyms
- 改悪 (kaiaku, “deterioration”)
Related terms
- 好転 (kōten) (state of becoming better)
Verb
改良する • (kairyō suru) transitive suru (stem 改良し (kairyō shi), past 改良した (kairyō shita))
- ameliorate, improve, better, upgrade
- 農地を改良する
- nōchi o kairyō suru
- improve agricultural land
- 農地を改良する
Conjugation
Conjugation of "改良する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 改良し | かいりょうし | kairyō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 改良し | かいりょうし | kairyō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 改良する | かいりょうする | kairyō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 改良する | かいりょうする | kairyō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 改良すれ | かいりょうすれ | kairyō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 改良せよ¹ 改良しろ² |
かいりょうせよ¹ かいりょうしろ² |
kairyō seyo¹ kairyō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 改良される | かいりょうされる | kairyō sareru | |
| Causative | 改良させる 改良さす |
かいりょうさせる かいりょうさす |
kairyō saseru kairyō sasu | |
| Potential | 改良できる | かいりょうできる | kairyō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 改良しよう | かいりょうしよう | kairyō shiyō | |
| Negative | 改良しない | かいりょうしない | kairyō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 改良せず | かいりょうせず | kairyō sezu | |
| Formal | 改良します | かいりょうします | kairyō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 改良した | かいりょうした | kairyō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 改良して | かいりょうして | kairyō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 改良すれば | かいりょうすれば | kairyō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 改 | 良 |
Noun
改良 • (gaeryang) (hangeul 개량)
- hanja form? of 개량 (“improvement”)