改善
Chinese
to change; to alter; to transform to change; to alter; to transform; to correct |
good | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (改善) | 改 | 善 | |
| simp. #(改善) | 改 | 善 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): goi2 sin6
- Hakka
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gǎishàn
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˇ ㄕㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gǎishàn
- Wade–Giles: kai3-shan4
- Yale: gǎi-shàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaeshann
- Palladius: гайшань (gajšanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: goi2 sin6
- Yale: gói sihn
- Cantonese Pinyin: goi2 sin6
- Guangdong Romanization: goi2 xin6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔːi̯³⁵ siːn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kói-san
- Hakka Romanization System: goiˋ san
- Hagfa Pinyim: goi3 san4
- Sinological IPA: /koi̯³¹ san⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: goiˊ shan˖
- Sinological IPA: /koi²⁴⁻³³ ʃan³³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kái-siǎn
- Tâi-lô: kái-siǎn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɛn²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kái-siān
- Tâi-lô: kái-siān
- Phofsit Daibuun: kaysien
- IPA (Singapore): /kai⁴²⁻²⁴ siɛn²²/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn²²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɛn³³/
- IPA (Taipei): /kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: goi2 siang6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kói siăng
- Sinological IPA (key): /koi⁵²⁻³⁵ siaŋ³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Verb
改善
Usage notes
改變/改变 (gǎibiàn) conveys any kind of change, while 改善 (gǎishàn) conveys a change for the better.
Synonyms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 改 | 善 |
| かい Grade: 4 |
ぜん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
改善 • (kaizen)
- improvement, an action taken to improve
- improvement, a spontaneous change for the better
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “improvement”): 改悪 (kaiaku)
See also
Verb
改善する • (kaizen suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 改善し (kaizen shi), past 改善した (kaizen shita))
- (transitive) to improve, to make better
- (intransitive) for something to improve on its own
- 症状が改善する
- shōjō ga kaizen suru
- the symptoms improve
- 症状が改善する
Conjugation
Conjugation of "改善する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 改善し | かいぜんし | kaizen shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 改善し | かいぜんし | kaizen shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 改善する | かいぜんする | kaizen suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 改善する | かいぜんする | kaizen suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 改善すれ | かいぜんすれ | kaizen sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 改善せよ¹ 改善しろ² |
かいぜんせよ¹ かいぜんしろ² |
kaizen seyo¹ kaizen shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 改善される | かいぜんされる | kaizen sareru | |
| Causative | 改善させる 改善さす |
かいぜんさせる かいぜんさす |
kaizen saseru kaizen sasu | |
| Potential | 改善できる | かいぜんできる | kaizen dekiru | |
| Volitional | 改善しよう | かいぜんしよう | kaizen shiyō | |
| Negative | 改善しない | かいぜんしない | kaizen shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 改善せず | かいぜんせず | kaizen sezu | |
| Formal | 改善します | かいぜんします | kaizen shimasu | |
| Perfective | 改善した | かいぜんした | kaizen shita | |
| Conjunctive | 改善して | かいぜんして | kaizen shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 改善すれば | かいぜんすれば | kaizen sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 改 | 善 |
Noun
改善 • (gaeseon) (hangeul 개선)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 改 | 善 |
Verb
改善