暴亂

See also: 暴乱

Chinese

		sudden; violent; cruel sudden; violent; cruel; to show or expose; to injure	in confusion; disorderly
trad. (暴亂)		暴	亂
simp. (暴乱)		暴	乱

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bàoluàn

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ ㄌㄨㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bou⁶ lyun⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phau-lon
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): po̍k-loān / pō-loān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bàoluàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ ㄌㄨㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bàoluàn
  - Wade–Giles: pao⁴-luan⁴
  - Yale: bàu-lwàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bawluann
  - Palladius: баолуань (baoluanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯än⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bou⁶ lyun⁶
  - Yale: bouh lyuhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bou⁶ lyn⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: bou⁶ lün⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯²² lyːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phau-lon
  - Hakka Romanization System: pau lon
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pau⁴ lon⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰau̯⁵⁵ lon⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k-loān
  - Tâi-lô: po̍k-luān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pogloan
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚²⁴⁻² luan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pɔk̚⁴⁻³² luan²²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ luan²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pō-loān
  - Tâi-lô: pō-luān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poixloan
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ³³⁻²¹ luan³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /po³³⁻¹¹ luan³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /po²²⁻²¹ luan²²/

Middle Chinese: bawH lwanH

Rime
Character	暴	亂
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	薄報切	郎段切
Baxter	bawH	lwanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɑu^H/	/luɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/bɑu^H/	/lʷɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/bɑu^H/	/luɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baw^H/	/lwan^H/
Li Rong	/bɑu^H/	/luɑn^H/
Wang Li	/bɑu^H/	/luɑn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱɑu^H/	/luɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bào	luàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou⁶	lyun⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤawk-s [r]ˤo[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*boːwɢs roːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	暴	亂
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bào	luàn
Middle Chinese	‹ baw^H ›	‹ lwan^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁawk-s/	/*[r]ˁo[n]-s/
English	violent	disorder, rebellion
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暴	亂
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	330	8645
Phonetic component	暴	亂
Rime group	貌	元
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	暴	亂
Old Chinese	/*boːwɢs/	/*roːns/

Verb

暴亂

to riot; to rebel; to revolt

Synonyms

亂逆 / 乱逆 (luànnì) (literary)
兵變 / 兵变 (bīngbiàn) (to mutiny)
動亂 / 动乱 (dòngluàn)
反亂 / 反乱 (fǎnluàn)
反叛 (fǎnpàn)
反天 (fǎntiān) (literary)
反抗 (fǎnkàng)
反水 (fǎnshuǐ) (dialectal)
叛亂 / 叛乱 (pànluàn)
叛變 / 叛变 (pànbiàn)
嘩變 / 哗变 (huábiàn) (to mutiny)
悖亂 / 悖乱 (bèiluàn) (literary)
暴動 / 暴动 (bàodòng)
暴獄 / 暴狱 (bàoyù) (of prisoners)
發難 / 发难 (fānàn)
舉事 / 举事 (jǔshì) (literary, euphemism)
舉義 / 举义 (jǔyì) (literary)
起事 (qǐshì)
起兵 (qǐbīng)
起手 (qǐshǒu)
起義 / 起义 (qǐyì)
逆亂 / 逆乱 (nìluàn) (literary)
造反 (zàofǎn)
首義 / 首义 (shǒuyì) (literary, to be the first to stage an uprising)

Noun

暴亂

riot; rebellion; revolt