造反

Chinese

		to make; to build; to invent to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture	wrong side out or up; anti-
trad. (造反)		造	反
simp. ^#(造反)		造	反

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zàofǎn

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˋ ㄈㄢˇ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зофан (zofan, III-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): zou⁶ faan²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chho-fán

(Hailu, HRS): co^˖ fan^ˊ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cor⁴ huang³ / cor⁴ huong³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chǒ-hoán / chō-hoán

(Teochew, Peng'im): zao⁶ huêng²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zau-fe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zàofǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ ㄈㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zàofǎn
  - Wade–Giles: tsao⁴-fan³
  - Yale: dzàu-fǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzawfaan
  - Palladius: цзаофань (czaofanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зофан (zofan, III-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔ⁴⁴ fæ̃⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zou⁶ faan²
  - Yale: jouh fáan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzou⁶ faan²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zou⁶ fan²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sou̯²² faːn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chho-fán
  - Hakka Romanization System: co fan^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: co⁴ fan³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo⁵⁵ fan³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: co^˖ fan^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³³ fan²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cor⁴ huang³ [Phonetic: cor¹ uang³]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cho̤̍-huâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(h-)uaŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cor⁴ huong³ [Phonetic: cor¹ uong³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(h-)uoŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ-hoán
  - Tâi-lô: tsǒ-huán
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡so²² huan⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō-hoán
  - Tâi-lô: tsō-huán
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoixhoarn
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ³³⁻²¹ huan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡so³³⁻¹¹ huan⁵³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡so²²⁻²¹ huan⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zao⁶ huêng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsău huéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau³⁵⁻¹¹ hueŋ⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zau-fe
  - MiniDict: zau^去 fe
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zau-fe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɔ²² fe⁴⁴/

Verb

造⫽反 (verb-object)

to rebel; to rise up in rebellion; to revolt
- 臣等特來報讎，非敢造反。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  臣等特来报雠，非敢造反。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14^th century CE
  Chén děng tèlái bàochóu, fēi gǎn zàofǎn. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 一般各有職業，那有工夫造反？ [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  一般各有职业，那有工夫造反？ [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: 《文明小史》第三七回
  Yībān gè yǒu zhíyè, nà yǒu gōngfū zàofǎn? [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 在無產階級文化大革命中，為一小撮執行資產階級反動路綫的人所把持的《西藏日報》不但沒有貫徹您的指示，相反抵制您的指示，忠實地為資產階級反動路綫服務，所以我們造了區黨委一小撮堅持資產階級反動路綫者的反。 [MSC, trad.]
  在无产阶级文化大革命中，为一小撮执行资产阶级反动路线的人所把持的《西藏日报》不但没有贯彻您的指示，相反抵制您的指示，忠实地为资产阶级反动路线服务，所以我们造了区党委一小撮坚持资产阶级反动路线者的反。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1967 January 11, 《向毛主席致敬电》, in 《西藏日报》, issue 3403, page 1
  Zài Wúchǎn Jiējí Wénhuà Dà Gémìng zhōng, wéi yīxiǎocuō zhíxíng zīchǎn jiējí fǎndòng lùxiàn de rén suǒ bǎchí de “XīZàng Rìbào” bùdàn méiyǒu guànchè nín de zhǐshì, xiàngfǎn dǐzhì nín de zhǐshì, zhōngshí dì wèi zīchǎn jiējí fǎndòng lùxiàn fúwù, suǒyǐ wǒmen zào le qūdǎngwěi yīxiǎocuō jiānchí zīchǎn jiējí fǎndòng lùxiàn zhě de fǎn. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
to muck about; to run wild; to horse around
老師不在，你們就造反啦！ [MSC, trad.]
老师不在，你们就造反啦！ [MSC, simp.]
Lǎoshī bùzài, nǐmen jiù zàofǎn la! [Pinyin]
If the teacher wasn't here, you'd all just mess around!

Synonyms

(to rebel):

edit

亂逆 / 乱逆 (luànnì) (literary)
兵變 / 兵变 (bīngbiàn) (to mutiny)
動亂 / 动乱 (dòngluàn)
反亂 / 反乱 (fǎnluàn)
反叛 (fǎnpàn)
反天 (fǎntiān) (literary)
反抗 (fǎnkàng)
反水 (fǎnshuǐ) (dialectal)
叛亂 / 叛乱 (pànluàn)
叛變 / 叛变 (pànbiàn)
嘩變 / 哗变 (huábiàn) (to mutiny)
悖亂 / 悖乱 (bèiluàn) (literary)
暴亂 / 暴乱 (bàoluàn)
暴動 / 暴动 (bàodòng)
暴獄 / 暴狱 (bàoyù) (of prisoners)
發難 / 发难 (fānàn)
舉事 / 举事 (jǔshì) (literary, euphemism)
舉義 / 举义 (jǔyì) (literary)
起事 (qǐshì)
起兵 (qǐbīng)
起手 (qǐshǒu)
起義 / 起义 (qǐyì)
逆亂 / 逆乱 (nìluàn) (literary)
首義 / 首义 (shǒuyì) (literary, to be the first to stage an uprising)

(to muck about):

edit

亂它 / 乱它 (lonn⁵ do²) (Xiang)
亂彈琴 / 乱弹琴 (luàn tánqín) (figurative)
亂鬧 / 乱闹 (luànnào)
作孽 (Hokkien)
作怪 (zuòguài)
使壞 / 使坏 (shǐhuài)
倒蛋
做孽 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
做手腳 / 做手脚 (zuò shǒujiǎo)
卵彈琴 / 卵弹琴 (lonn³ dan² qin²) (Xiang)
惹事 (rěshì)
搗亂 / 捣乱 (dǎoluàn)
搶事 / 抢事 (Hokkien)
搞事 (gǎoshì)
搗蛋 / 捣蛋 (dǎodàn)
搗鬼 / 捣鬼 (dǎoguǐ)
搞鬼 (gǎoguǐ)
撩事 (liàu-dī) (Northern Min)
滋事 (zīshì)
滋擾 / 滋扰 (zīrǎo)
玩鬧 / 玩闹 (wánnào)
生事 (shēngshì)
生氣 / 生气 (siⁿ-khùi) (Xiamen Hokkien)
生空 (Hokkien)
生空生榫 (Hokkien)
生空生縫 / 生空生缝 (Hokkien)
破壞 / 破坏 (pòhuài)
耍手腕 (shuǎ shǒuwàn)
胡來 / 胡来 (húlái)
胡攪 / 胡搅 (hújiǎo)
胡鬧 / 胡闹 (húnào)
舞射 (Hakka)
變精 / 变精 (Jinjiang Hokkien)
變鬼 / 变鬼 (Hokkien)
變魍 / 变魍 (Hokkien)
起事 (Hokkien)
起空 (Hokkien)
起鬨 / 起哄 (qǐhòng)
鬧事 / 闹事 (nàoshì)

Derived terms

秀才造反
秀才造反，三年不成 (xiùcái zàofǎn, sānnián bùchéng)
造反派 (Zàofǎn pài)
造反者 (zàofǎnzhě)

Adjective

造反

(Wu) many; a lot

Synonyms

edit

一系列 (yīxìliè)
不少 (bùshǎo)
不老少 (bùlǎoshǎo) (colloquial)
儦儦 (biāobiāo) (literary)
千千 (qiānqiān) (literary)
千百 (qiānbǎi) (literary)
好些 (hǎoxiē)
好多 (hǎoduō)
孔多 (kǒngduō) (literary)
幾多 / 几多 (gei² do¹) (Cantonese)
廣 / 广 (literary, or in compounds)
廣大 / 广大 (guǎngdà) (of people)
延延 (yányán) (literary)
很多 (hěnduō)
𣍐少 / 𫧃少 (Hokkien)
浩瀚 (hàohàn)
浩繁 (hàofán)
百
眾多 / 众多 (zhòngduō)
繁多 (fánduō)
萌生 (méngshēng) (literary)
許多 / 许多 (xǔduō)
諸多 / 诸多 (zhūduō)
颮颮 / 飑飑 (literary)

Dialectal synonyms of 很多 (“many; much; a lot”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		許多, 甚多
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	老些, 老些個
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	很多, 好多, 滿多, 許多
Cantonese	Guangzhou	好多
	Hong Kong	好多
	Taishan	好多
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	當多, 已多
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	蓋多
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	當多, 盡多, 已多
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	當多, 已多
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	當多, 盡多, 已多
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	真多, 足多
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	野濟
Southern Min	Xiamen	真濟, 野濟, 誠濟, 有夠濟
	Quanzhou	真濟, 野濟, 誠濟, 有夠濟
	Zhangzhou	盡濟, 蓋濟, 足濟, 有夠濟
	Taipei	真濟, 誠濟
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	真濟, 誠濟
	Kaohsiung	有夠濟, 足濟, 真濟, 誠濟, 蓋濟
	Yilan	有夠濟, 足濟, 誠濟, 盡濟
	Changhua (Lukang)	真濟, 誠濟
	Taichung	誠濟, 蓋濟, 足濟
	Tainan	有夠濟, 足濟, 真濟, 誠濟, 蓋濟
	Hsinchu	真濟, 誠濟
	Kinmen	足濟, 誠濟
	Penghu (Magong)	真濟, 誠濟
	Penang (Hokkien)	誠濟
	Manila (Hokkien)	野濟, 真濟
	Puning	好濟
Wu	Shanghai	老多, 交關, 交關多, 造反, 行情, 介許多
Wu	Hangzhou	造反

References

“造反”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.