造

造 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 卜竹土口 (YHGR), four-corner 3430₆, composition ⿺辶告)

• 慥, 糙, 䎭, 䒃, 䗢, 䔏, 簉

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1258, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38898
• Dae Jaweon: page 1746, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3841, character 6
• Unihan data for U+9020

Bronze script (per 漢語多功能字庫): Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ): semantic 辶 (“to walk”) + phonetic 屮 (sʰuːʔ) + semantic 口.

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ): semantic 辶 (“to walk”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ).

造

1. to make; to build; to manufacture

   造船  ―  zàochuán  ―  to build a ship

   仿造  ―  fǎngzào  ―  to produce something after a model; to copy

   創造／创造  ―  chuàngzào  ―  to create

   造房子  ―  zào fángzǐ  ―  to build a house

   造輿論／造舆论  ―  zào yúlùn  ―  to manufacture public opinion

   造軍艦／造军舰  ―  zào jūnjiàn  ―  to manufacture a warship

   • 萬物是藉著他造的；凡被造的，沒有一樣不是藉著他造的。 [MSC, trad.]
     万物是借着他造的；凡被造的，没有一样不是借着他造的。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version), 約翰福音 (John) 1:3

     Wànwù shì jièzhe tā zào de; fán bèi zào de, méiyǒu yī yàng bùshì jièzhe tā zào de. [Pinyin]

     All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.

2. to make up; to fabricate

   造假賬／造假账  ―  zào jiǎzhàng  ―  to cook the books

   造謠／造谣  ―  zàoyáo  ―  to fabricate stories

3. (literary) to start
4. (literary) to establish
5. (dialectal) harvest of crops

   早造  ―  zǎozào  ―  early crops

6. (dialectal) Classifier for harvests.

   一年種兩造米 [Cantonese, trad.]
   一年种两造米 [Cantonese, simp.]

   jat¹ nin⁴ zung³ loeng⁵ zou⁶ mai⁵ [Jyutping]

   to grow two rice crops per year

造

1. (literary) to go to; to visit; to reach

   造訪／造访  ―  zàofǎng  ―  to pay a visit; to call on

   登峰造極／登峰造极  ―  dēngfēngzàojí  ―  to reach great heights; to reach the peak of perfection

2. (literary) attainments; achievements

   造詣／造诣  ―  zàoyì  ―  attainments; achievements

3. (literary) to train

   深造  ―  shēnzào  ―  to pursue advanced studies

   可造之材  ―  kězàozhīcái  ―  a promising talent deserving training

4. (literary) to give a life

   再造之恩  ―  zàizàozhī'ēn  ―  great benevolence of saving one's life

5. (literary) era
6. (law) party concerned in the suit

   對造／对造  ―  duìzào  ―  opposing side in a court case

A colloquial pronunciation of 作 (MC tsak) (Zhang, 2020).

造

1. (regional Mandarin) A delexical verb.
   1. to eat

      □□狂造兩碗飯 [MSC, trad.]
      □□狂造两碗饭 [MSC, simp.]

      kūkū kuáng zào liǎng wǎn fàn [Pinyin]

      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   2. to use or spend recklessly; to ruin

      再有錢也禁不住這樣造啊 [MSC, trad.]
      再有钱也禁不住这样造啊 [MSC, simp.]

      zài yǒu qián yě jīn bù zhù zhèyàng zào a [Pinyin]

      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

      這玩意兒□造！ [MSC, trad.]
      这玩意儿□造！ [MSC, simp.]

      Zhèi wányìr káng zào! [Pinyin]

      This thing is durable!

   3. (alt. form 躁) to trample
      • 19th century, Wenkang, chapter 38, in 兒女英雄傳:

        老爺連忙回過身來，不想那人一個躱不及，一倒脚又正造在老爺脚上那個跥指兒雞眼上。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
        老爷连忙回过身来，不想那人一个躲不及，一倒脚又正造在老爷脚上那个跺指儿鸡眼上。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

        Lǎoye liánmáng huí guò shēn lái, bùxiǎng nà rén yī ge duǒ bù jí, yī dǎo jiǎo yòu zhèng zào zài lǎoye jiǎo shàng nà ge duòzhǐr jīyǎn shàng. [Pinyin]

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

造

1. used in 新造 (xīnzào, “Xinzao, a town in Guangzhou”)

造

1. (Mandarin, slang) contraction of 知道 (zhīdào)

   你造嗎？／你造吗？  ―  Nǐ zào ma?  ―  Didja know?

• “造”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04146
• Zhang, Weidong (张卫东) (2020) “从谚解《老乞大》看北京官话文白异读和京剧“上口字””, in 中国语文, number 4, pages 458–80, see page 466.

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. create, make, physique, structure

From Middle Chinese 造 (MC dzawX); compare Mandarin 造 (zào):

• Go-on: ぞう (zō, Jōyō)^{←ざう (zau, historical)}
• Kan-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}

From Middle Chinese 造 (MC tshawH); compare Mandarin 造 (zào, cào):

• Go-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: ぞう (zō, Jōyō)^{←ざう (zau, historical)}

From native Japanese roots:

• Kun: いたる (itaru, 造る)、つく (tsuku)、つくる (tsukuru, 造る, Jōyō)、つくり (tsukuri, 造り)、なす (nasu, 造す)、なる (naru, 造る)、みやつこ (miyatsuko, 造)
• Nanori: いたる (itaru)、なり (nari)、なる (naru)、はじめ (hajime)、みやつこ (miyatsuko)

From Middle Chinese 造 (MC dzawX).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [조(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Wikisource

造 (eumhun 지을 조 (jieul jo))

1. hanja form^? of 조 (“to create; to make”)
2. hanja form^? of 조 (“physique; structure”)

From Middle Chinese 造 (MC tshawH).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [조(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

造 (eumhun 이룰 조 (irul jo))

1. (literary) hanja form^? of 조 (“to achieve”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

造: Hán Nôm readings: tạo, xáo, xạo, tháo

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.