造孽
Chinese
to make; to build; to invent to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture |
consequence of sin | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (造孽) | 造 | 孽 | |
| simp. #(造孽) | 造 | 孽 | |
| alternative forms | 皂孽 Sichuan sense 遭孽 Sichuan sense 照孽 Sichuan sense | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zou6 jip6 / zou6 jit6
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chō-gia̍t / chǒ-gia̍t
- Xiang
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zàoniè
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ ㄋㄧㄝˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zàoniè
- Wade–Giles: tsao4-nieh4
- Yale: dzàu-nyè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzawnieh
- Palladius: цзаоне (czaone)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zao4 nyie2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zaonie
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sau²¹³ nʲiɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zou6 jip6 / zou6 jit6
- Yale: jouh yihp / jouh yiht
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzou6 jip9 / dzou6 jit9
- Guangdong Romanization: zou6 yib6 / zou6 yid6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sou̯²² jiːp̚²/, /t͡sou̯²² jiːt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō-gia̍t
- Tâi-lô: tsō-gia̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: zoixgiat
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡so³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ³³⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ-gia̍t
- Tâi-lô: tsǒ-gia̍t
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡so²² ɡiɛt̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Xiang
Note: zau5 nyie6 - “pitiful, pitiable”.
Verb
造孽
Synonyms
- (to sin): 作孽 (zuòniè)
- (to quarrel):
Dialectal synonyms of 吵架 (“to quarrel; to argue”) [map]
Adjective
造孽
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 可憐 (“pitiful; pitiable; poor”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 可憐, 可憐見 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 可憐 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 可憐 |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 孽障 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 造孽 |
| Guiyang | 造孽 | |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 陰功, 冇陰功, 可憐 |
| Dongguan | 陰功 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 可憐 |
| Pingxiang | 可憐 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 可憐, 衰過 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 可憐, 衰過 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 可憐, 衰過 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 可憐, 衰過 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 可憐, 衰過 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 苦憐 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 造孽, 罪過 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 現世, 悲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 可憐代 |
| Quanzhou | 可憐代 | |
| Jinjiang | 可憐代 | |
| Zhangzhou | 可憐代 | |
| Tainan | 可憐代 GT | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 可憐代 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 可憐代 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 罪過 |
| Hangzhou | 罪過 | |
| Ningbo | 罪過 | |
| Jinhua | 罪過 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 造孽 |
| Loudi | 造孽 | |
Derived terms
- 造孽巴希
- 造孽巴沙