窖

See also: 窌

窖	U+7A96, 窖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A96

← 窕
[U+7A95]

CJK Unified Ideographs

窗 →
[U+7A97]

Translingual

Han character

窖 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹土口 (JCHGR), four-corner 3060₁, composition ⿱穴告)

Derived characters

𡑛, 𣽸, 𨻴, 𨅻, 𪆥, 𫛕

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 865, character 31
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25516
Dae Jaweon: page 1294, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2731, character 9
Unihan data for U+7A96

Chinese

trad.		窖
simp. ^#		窖
alternative forms		𥥭𡑛𥧦𥦿

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (告) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
造	skʰuːɡs, sɡuːʔ
慥	*skʰuːɡs
艁	skʰuːɡs, sɡuːʔ
糙	*skʰuːɡs
告	kuːɡs, kuːɡ
誥	*kuːɡs
郜	kuːɡs, kuːɡ
祰	kʰuːʔ, kuːɡ
靠	*kʰuːɡs
浩	ɡuːʔ, kuːb
晧	*ɡuːʔ
皓	*ɡuːʔ
窖	*kruːɡs
簉	*skʰruɡs
梏	kruːɡ, kuːɡ
硞	kʰruːɡ, kʰuːɡ
牿	*kuːɡ
鵠	kuːɡ, ɡuːɡ
酷	*kʰuːɡ
焅	*kʰuːɡ
嚳	*kʰuːɡ
頶	*ɡuːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kruːɡs): semantic 穴 (“hole; cave”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiào (jiao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kau

(Hailu, HRS): gau^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): gau⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kàu

(Teochew, Peng'im): ga³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiào
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiào
  - Wade–Giles: chiao⁴
  - Yale: jyàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiaw
  - Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gaau³
  - Yale: gaau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaau³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gao³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːu̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kau
  - Hakka Romanization System: gau
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gau⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kau̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gau^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /kau¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gau⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kau⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàu
  - Tâi-lô: kàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaux
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kau²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ga³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kà
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka²¹³/

Middle Chinese: kaewH

Rime
Character	窖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古孝切
Baxter	kaewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kau^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw^H/
Li Rong	/kau^H/
Wang Li	/kau^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kau^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤruk-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kruːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	窖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiào
Middle Chinese	‹ kæw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁruk-s/
English	cave
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	窖
Reading #	1/1
No.	3813
Phonetic component	告
Rime group	奧
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	敎
Old Chinese	/*kruːɡs/

Definitions

窖

pit; cellar
冰窖 ― bīngjiào ― icehouse

酒窖 ― jiǔjiào ― wine cellar
to store in a cellar

Synonyms

(cellar):

edit

地窖 (dìjiào)
地窨 (dìyìn)
地窨子 (dìyìnzi) (colloquial)
地藏 (dìzàng) (Classical Chinese)
地陷 (tē-hām) (Hokkien)
地陷跤 (tē-hām-kha) (Xiamen Hokkien)

Compounds

冰天雪窖
冰窖 (bīngjiào)
地窖 (dìjiào)
窖肥 (jiàoféi)
窖藏
窟窖
竇窖 / 窦窖
糞窖子 / 粪窖子
酒窖 (jiǔjiào)
雪窖冰天

References

“窖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

窖

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)
Kan-on: こう (kō)
Kun: あなぐら (anagura, 窖)

Compounds

地窖(ちこう) (chikō): hole dug in the ground, cellar

Etymology

Kanji in this term
窖
あなぐら Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 窖 – see the following entry.

【あなぐら】

[noun] cellar

Alternative spellings
穴蔵, 穴倉

(This term, 窖, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Vietnamese

Han character

窖: Hán Việt readings: kháo^[1], giáo^[2], khiếu^[2], diếu^[3]
窖: Nôm readings: khiếu^[2]^[4]^[5]^[6], khéo^[2]^[7]

chữ Hán form of giáo (“pit; cellar”)
chữ Nôm form of khéo (“skillful; capable; adroit”)

References

^ Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Trần (2004).
^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
^ Bonet (1899).
^ Génibrel (1898).
^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
^ Hồ (1976).

[tdcndg-1] Nguyễn (2014).

[gdhn-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Trần (2004).

[tdcntd-3] Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[bonet-4] Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-5] Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-6] Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[btcn-7] Hồ (1976).

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