窗
| ||||||||
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Han character
窗 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹田水 (JCHWE) or 十金竹田大 (JCHWK), four-corner 30608, composition ⿱穴囱(GJKV) or ⿱穴囪(HT))
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 865, character 32
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25517
- Dae Jaweon: page 1294, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2731, character 12
- Unihan data for U+7A97
Chinese
| trad. | 窗 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 窗 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (囱) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 牎 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 窗 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 窓 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 囱 | *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloːŋ |
| 總 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 熜 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 傯 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 緫 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 揔 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 偬 | *ʔsloːŋʔ, *ʔsloːŋs |
| 囪 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 璁 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 驄 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 蔥 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 匆 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 怱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 葱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 楤 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 聦 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 繱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 騘 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 鍯 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 聰 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 愡 | *sʰloːŋs |
| 檧 | *sloːŋ, *sloːŋʔ |
| 憽 | *sloːŋ |
| 幒 | *sʰloŋʔ, *kjoŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 穴 (“hole”) + 囱 (“window”).
Etymology
From circumstantial noun prefix *s- + 通 (OC l̥ˤoŋ, “to penetrate”), literally "where light penetrates" (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): cong1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): cuon1
- Northern Min (KCR): té̤ng / chó̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): chŏng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): toeng1 / tyoeng1 / corng1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tshaon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qyan1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: chuāng
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chuang
- Wade–Giles: chʻuang1
- Yale: chwāng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuang
- Palladius: чуан (čuan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: cang1 / cuang1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cang / cuong
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: pfǎng
- Sinological IPA (key): /p͡fʰaŋ²¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: chàn
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): chan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰã³¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: coeng1
- Yale: chēung
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: cêng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: tong1 / tong1*
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔŋ³³/, /tʰɔŋ³³⁻³³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: tong1* - as a standalone noun.
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng
- Hakka Romanization System: cungˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cung1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: cungˋ
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: cung1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: té̤ng / chó̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰœyŋ⁵⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
Note:
- té̤ng - vernacular;
- chó̤ng - literary.
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: toeng1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: te̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰœŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tyoeng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: corng1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cho̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɒŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: corng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
Note:
- toeng1/tyoeng1 - vernacular;
- corng1 - literary.
Note:
- thang - vernacular;
- chhong - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: têng1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: theng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰeŋ³³/
- (Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: tiang1 / cong1
- Sinological IPA: /tʰiaŋ³⁵/, /t͡sʰɔŋ³⁵/
Note:
- tiang1 - vernacular;
- cong1 - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: tsrhaewng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-l̥ˤ<r>oŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰroːŋ/
Definitions
窗
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 窗戶 (“window”) [map]
Compounds
- 剪燭西窗 / 剪烛西窗
- 剪窗花
- 北窗高臥 / 北窗高卧
- 十年寒窗
- 十年窗下
- 十載寒窗 / 十载寒窗
- 南風窗 / 南风窗
- 同窗 (tóngchuāng)
- 吊窗 (diàochuāng)
- 同窗夜語 / 同窗夜语
- 同窗契友
- 天窗 (tiānchuāng)
- 寒窗 (hánchuāng)
- 推窗
- 明窗彩戶 / 明窗彩户
- 明窗淨几
- 時事櫥窗 / 时事橱窗
- 東窗事發 / 东窗事发 (dōngchuāngshìfā)
- 樓窗 / 楼窗 (lóuchuāng)
- 櫥窗 / 橱窗 (chúchuāng)
- 櫥窗設計 / 橱窗设计
- 民主櫥窗 / 民主橱窗
- 氣窗 / 气窗 (qìchuāng)
- 泥窗
- 液晶窗
- 漏窗
- 玻璃窗
- 瑣窗 / 琐窗
- 百葉窗 / 百叶窗 (bǎiyèchuāng)
- 百葉窗簾 / 百叶窗帘
- 視窗 / 视窗 (shìchuāng)
- 視窗九五 / 视窗九五
- 空窗期 (kōngchuāngqī)
- 窗下
- 窗友 (chuāngyǒu)
- 窗口 (chuāngkǒu)
- 窗外 (chuāngwài)
- 窗子 (chuāngzi)
- 窗屜 / 窗屉
- 窗帘 (chuānglián)
- 窗戶 / 窗户
- 窗戶眼兒 / 窗户眼儿
- 窗戶紙 / 窗户纸
- 窗明几淨 (chuāngmíngjījìng)
- 窗格 (chuānggé)
- 窗槅
- 窗檻 / 窗槛 (chuāngjiàn)
- 窗櫺 / 窗棂 (chuānglíng)
- 窗沿
- 窗洞 (chuāngdòng)
- 窗牖
- 窗眼
- 窗簾 / 窗帘 (chuānglián)
- 窗紙 / 窗纸
- 窗紗 / 窗纱
- 窗緣 / 窗缘
- 窗臺 / 窗台 (chuāngtái)
- 窗花 (chuānghuā)
- 窗課 / 窗课
- 窗間過馬 / 窗间过马
- 窗飾 / 窗饰
- 篷窗
- 紙窗 / 纸窗
- 紗窗 / 纱窗 (shāchuāng)
- 綺窗 / 绮窗
- 綠窗 / 绿窗
- 聽窗 / 听窗
- 肉吊窗
- 自在窗
- 舷窗 (xiánchuāng)
- 芸窗
- 落地窗 (luòdìchuāng)
- 蓬窗
- 螢窗 / 萤窗
- 螢窗雪案 / 萤窗雪案
- 西窗翦燭 / 西窗翦烛
- 話冷雞窗 / 话冷鸡窗
- 貼現窗口 / 贴现窗口
- 鋁窗 / 铝窗
- 鋁門窗 / 铝门窗
- 鐵窗 / 铁窗 (tiěchuāng)
- 門窗 / 门窗 (ménchuāng)
- 開天窗 / 开天窗 (kāitiānchuāng)
- 隔窗有耳
- 雞窗 / 鸡窗
- 雪案螢窗 / 雪案萤窗
- 雪窗螢几
- 雪窗螢火 / 雪窗萤火
- 靈魂之窗 / 灵魂之窗
Descendants
Others:
- → Zhuang: cueng
References
- “窗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “窗”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 36.
Japanese
Kanji
窗
Readings
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 窗 |
| まど Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
Definitions
| For pronunciation and definitions of 窗 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 窗, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
Hanja
窗 (eumhun 창문 창 (changmun chang))