檻

See also: 槛

檻	U+6ABB, 檻 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6ABB

← 檺
[U+6ABA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

檼 →
[U+6ABC]

Translingual

Han character

檻 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 木尸戈廿 (DSIT) or 木尸一廿 (DSMT), four-corner 4891₇, composition ⿰木監)

Derived characters

𡅋

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 558, character 47
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15745
Dae Jaweon: page 948, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1307, character 14
Unihan data for U+6ABB

Chinese

trad.		檻
simp.		槛

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
藍	*ɡ·raːm
襤	*ɡ·raːm
籃	*ɡ·raːm
懢	ɡ·raːm, ɡ·raːms
儖	*ɡ·raːm
蘫	ɡ·raːm, qʰlaːms
攬	*ɡ·raːmʔ
欖	*ɡ·raːmʔ
覽	*ɡ·raːmʔ
爁	ɡ·raːmʔ, ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥	*ɡ·raːmʔ
灠	*ɡ·raːmʔ
濫	ɡ·raːms, ɡraːmʔ
嚂	ɡ·raːms, kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜	*ɡ·raːms
監	kraːm, kraːms
礛	*kraːm
鑑	kraːm, kraːms, *kraːms
艦	*ɡraːmʔ
檻	ɡraːmʔ, ɡraːms
壏	*ɡraːmʔ
轞	*ɡraːmʔ
鹽	ɡ·lam, ɡ·lams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms): semantic 木 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

Etymology 1

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kram (“fence, garden”). Cognate with Burmese ခြံ (hkram, “fence; garden; to surround”). Also compare Tibetan ཁྲམ (khram, “notched wood”) (> ཁྲམ་ཁ (khram kha, “cut, notch [in wood]”), ཁྲམ་ཤིང (khram shing, “tallystick”)).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): kāng
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵khe / ³khe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴
  - Yale: jyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: haam⁵
  - Yale: háahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: ham⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːm¹³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵khe
  - MiniDict: khe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²khe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰe³⁴/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ³khe
  - MiniDict: khe^上
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kʰe⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: haemX

Rime
Character	檻
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡黤切
Baxter	haemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠam^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚam^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣam^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨm^X/
Li Rong	/ɣam^X/
Wang Li	/ɣam^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣam^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haam⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤramʔ/, /*[ɡ]ˤamʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːmʔ/, /*ɡraːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	檻	檻	檻
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn	jiàn	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hæm^X ›	‹ hæm^X ›	‹ ham^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁramʔ/	/*[ɡ]ˁramʔ/	/*[ɡ]ˁamʔ/
English	straight-jetted (water)	railing; cage	railing; cage
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	檻	檻
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6110	6114
Phonetic component	監	監
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime		㽉
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːmʔ/	/*ɡraːms/
Notes		原文木在下，集韻注或書

Definitions

檻

fence
cage (for animal or prisoner)
railing; balustrade
(alt. form 轞／𰺗) prisoner transport cart
alternative form of 艦 / 舰 (jiàn, “warship”)

Compounds

圈檻 / 圈槛
攀庭檻 / 攀庭槛
朱雲折檻 / 朱云折槛
檻檻 / 槛槛
檻猿籠鳥 / 槛猿笼鸟
檻車 / 槛车 (jiànjū)
窗檻 / 窗槛 (chuāngjiàn)
籠鳥檻猿 / 笼鸟槛猿
軒檻 / 轩槛

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǎn (kan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): laam⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): kāng
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵khe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǎn
  - Wade–Giles: kʻan³
  - Yale: kǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaan
  - Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰän²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kǎnr
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˇㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǎnr
  - Wade–Giles: kʻan³-ʼrh
  - Yale: kǎnr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaal
  - Palladius: каньр (kanʹr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑɻ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: laam⁶
  - Yale: laahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: laam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lam⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːm²²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵khe
  - MiniDict: khe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²khe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰe³⁴/

Definitions

檻

doorsill
門檻／门槛 ― ménkǎn ― doorsill

Synonyms

edit

地方 (di⁵ fan) (Hengyang Xiang)
戶填 / 户填 (Hokkien)
戶限 / 户限 (hùxiàn) (literary)
戺 (shì) (Classical Chinese)
柣 (zhì) (Classical Chinese)
梱 (kǔn) (Classical Chinese)
榍 (xiè) (Classical Chinese)
轔 / 辚 (lín) (Classical Chinese)
門地伏 / 门地伏 (mon³ ei⁵ fuuk⁴) (Taishanese)
門填 / 门填 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
門墊 / 门垫 (muòng-dâing) (Eastern Min)
門岸 / 门岸 (mn̂g-hōaⁿ) (Xiamen Hokkien)
門槧 / 门椠 (mun⁴ caam⁵) (Cantonese)
門檻 / 门槛 (ménkǎn)
門第 / 门第 (Teochew)
門限 / 门限 (ménxiàn)
門階 / 门阶 (ménjiē)
閫 / 阃 (kǔn) (literary)
閾 / 阈 (yù) (literary)
限 (xiàn) (literary, or in compounds)
面填 (bīn-tǔiⁿ) (Quanzhou Hokkien)

Compounds

對了檻兒 / 对了槛儿
老門檻 / 老门槛
鐵門檻 / 铁门槛
門檻 / 门槛 (ménkǎn)
門檻條款 / 门槛条款
隔門檻兒 / 隔门槛儿

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 檻 – see 𨈇 (“to step over; to step across”). (This character is a variant form of 𨈇).

References

“檻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

檻

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: げん (gen)^{←けん (ken, historical)}^{←げむ (gemu, ancient)}
Kan-on: かん (kan)^{←かん (kan, historical)}^{←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
Kun: おり (ori, 檻)^{←をり (wori, 檻, historical)}、てすり (tesuri)、いたがこい (itagakoi, 檻い)^{←いたがこひ (itagakofi, 檻ひ, historical)}、おばしま (obashima)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
檻
おり Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 檻 – see the following entry.

【おり】	[noun] cage; cell

(This term, 檻, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Compounds

檻車(かんしゃ) (kansha)
檻穽(かんせい) (kansei)
檻房(かんぼう) (kanbō)
折檻(せっかん) (sekkan)

Korean

Hanja

檻 (eum 함 (ham))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

檻: Hán Nôm readings: giám, hạm, hậm, tràm, cạm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.