艦

艦 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+14 in Chinese, 舟+15 in Japanese, 20 strokes in Chinese, 21 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 竹卜尸戈廿 (HYSIT) or 竹卜尸一廿 (HYSMT), four-corner 2841₇, composition ⿰舟監)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1013, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30571
• Dae Jaweon: page 1471, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3069, character 8
• Unihan data for U+8266

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ): semantic 舟 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

"Warship (with boards installed on its four sides to defend against arrow attacks)" (Shiming) > "warship" > "ship" (Guangya). A specialised character derived from 檻 (OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms, “fence, railing, board”); see there for more on the external etymology.

This character is a classic example of historical misreadings of unfamiliar characters. The l- initial in southern dialects is probably due to confusion with 濫 (MC lamH, “to overflow”), not due to divergent evolutions of the Old Chinese cluster initial *gr- as this character is often cited as an example of. Likewise, the readings in other Chinese are misreadings, although this is more subtle. Expected Mandarin reflex is xiàn, and jiàn is due to confusion with 鑑 (MC kaemH, “mirror; to reflect”). Wu and Eastern Min readings are results of confusion with 檻 / 槛 (“doorsill”). Despite these irregularities, all the Sinoxenic readings are regular.

艦

1. warship

• “艦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(Jōyō kanji)

• Go-on: げん (gen)^{←げん (gen, historical)←げむ (gemu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)^{←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
• Kun: いくさぶね (ikusabune, 艦)

• (Tokyo) かん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

艦(かん) • (kan) 

1. warship

• 軍艦(ぐんかん) (gunkan)

From Middle Chinese 艦 (MC haemX).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ha̠(ː)m]
• Phonetic hangul: [함(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Wikisource

艦 (eumhun 싸움배 함 (ssaumbae ham))

1. hanja form^? of 함 (“warship”) [noun]

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

艦: Hán Nôm readings: hạm

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