曼殊沙華

See also: 曼珠沙華

Chinese

		handsome; large; long	unique	granule; hoarse; raspy granule; hoarse; raspy; sand; powder; tsar	flowery; flourishing; magnificent flowery; flourishing; magnificent; your; grey; corona; time; essence; China; Chinese; name of a mountain
trad. (曼殊沙華)		曼	殊	沙	華
simp. (曼殊沙华)		曼	殊	沙	华

Etymology

Phono-semantic matching of Sanskrit मञ्जूषक (mañjūṣaka) attested in the translation of the Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra (Lotus Sutra) by Kumārajīva (鳩摩羅什) [c. 403].

是時天雨曼陀羅華、摩訶曼陀羅華、曼殊沙華、摩訶曼殊沙華，而散佛上，及諸大眾。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

是时天雨曼陀罗华、摩诃曼陀罗华、曼殊沙华、摩诃曼殊沙华，而散佛上，及诸大众。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: c. 403, Kumārajīva (鳩摩羅什 (Jiūmóluóshí)), translator. Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra (《妙法蓮華經》). English text based on the translation by Hendrik Kern (1884) with modernised transliteration.

Shìshí tiān yǔ màntuóluóhuá, móhēmàntuóluóhuá, mànshūshāhuá, móhēmànshūshāhuá, ér sàn Fó shàng, jí zhū dàzhòng. [Pinyin]

[T]here fell a great rain of divine flowers, māndāravas and mahāmāndāravas, mañjūṣakas and mahāmañjūṣakas, covering the Lord and the four classes of hearers.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mànshūshāhuá

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄢˋ ㄕㄨㄕㄚㄏㄨㄚˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mànshūshāhuá
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄢˋ ㄕㄨㄕㄚㄏㄨㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mànshushahuá
  - Wade–Giles: man⁴-shu¹-sha¹-hua²
  - Yale: màn-shū-shā-hwá
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mannshushahwa
  - Palladius: маньшушахуа (manʹšušaxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /män⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

Middle Chinese: man dzyu srae hwae|xwae

Rime
Character	曼	殊	沙	華	華
Reading #	1/2	1/1	1/2	1/3	2/3
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	常 (25)	生 (21)	匣 (33)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	虞 (24)	麻 (98)	麻 (99)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	III	II	II	II
Fanqie	母官切	市朱切	所加切	戸花切	呼瓜切
Baxter	man	dzyu	srae	hwae	xwae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑn/	/d͡ʑɨo/	/ʃˠa/	/ɦˠua/	/hˠua/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɑn/	/d͡ʑio/	/ʃᵚa/	/ɦʷᵚa/	/hʷᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑn/	/d͡ʑio/	/ʃa/	/ɣua/	/xua/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwan/	/d͡ʑuə̆/	/ʂaɨ/	/ɦwaɨ/	/hwaɨ/
Li Rong	/muɑn/	/ʑio/	/ʃa/	/ɣua/	/xua/
Wang Li	/muɑn/	/ʑĭu/	/ʃa/	/ɣwa/	/xwa/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muɑn/	/ʑi̯u/	/ʂa/	/ɣwa/	/xwa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mán	chú	shā	huá	huā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mun⁴	syu⁴	saa¹	waa⁴	faa¹

Noun

曼殊沙華

(Buddhism) a flower attested in Buddhist literature

Usage notes

Soothill and Hodous (1937) considers the flower's identity related to Sanskrit मञ्जिष्ठा (mañjiṣṭhā, “munjeet”), i.e. Rubia cordifolia, the Indian madder.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (曼殊沙華):

→ Japanese: 曼殊沙華(まんじゅしゃげ) (manjushage)

Modern Chinese:

曼珠沙華／曼珠沙华 (mànzhūshāhuá, “Lycoris radiata”)

References

H. Kern and Bunyiu Nanjio (南条文雄), editor (1908), Saddharmapuṇḍarīka (in Sanskrit), volume 1, St. Petersburg: Académie Impériale des Sciences, page 5
法鼓佛教學院 (2020) “法華經數位資料庫 Saddharmapuṇḍarīka Database”, in 法華經數位資料庫‎^[1], retrieved 7 July 2020

Japanese

Kanji in this term
曼	殊	沙	華
まん Hyōgai	じゅ Grade: S	しゃ Grade: S	げ Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
曼珠沙華

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) まんじゅしゃげ [màńjúꜜshàgè] (Nakadaka – [3])
(Tokyo) まんじゅしゃげ [màńjúsháꜜgè] (Nakadaka – [4])
IPA^(key): [mã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑɨɕa̠ɡe̞]

Noun

曼(まん)殊(じゅ)沙(しゃ)華(げ) or 曼殊沙華(マンジュシャゲ) • (manjushage)

alternative spelling of 曼珠沙華 (“red spider lily”)

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).