棲

See also: 栖

棲	U+68F2, 棲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68F2

← 棱
[U+68F1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

棳 →
[U+68F3]

Translingual

Han character

棲 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木十中女 (DJLV), four-corner 4594₄, composition ⿰木妻)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 534, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14980
Dae Jaweon: page 922, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1229, character 6
Unihan data for U+68F2

Chinese

trad.		棲
simp.		栖^*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (妻) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
妻	sʰiːl, sʰiːls
萋	*sʰiːl
淒	*sʰiːl
凄	*sʰiːl
悽	*sʰiːl
鶈	*sʰiːl
郪	sʰiːl, sʰil
緀	sʰiːl, sʰiːlʔ
霋	*sʰiːl
棲	*siːl

Before the Warring States Period, written as '西'. Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *siːl): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 妻 (OC *sʰiːl, *sʰiːls).

Etymology 1

See 西 (OC *s-nˤər) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014) for etymology.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qī (qi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cai¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhe / soe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qī
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ci
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi¹
  - Yale: chī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cai¹
  - Yale: chāi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
  - Tâi-lô: tshe
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soe
  - Tâi-lô: sue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soef
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sue³³/

Note:

chhe - literary;
soe - vernacular.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 棲
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰi²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰi²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Xining	/ɕji⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ɕi³¹/ /t͡ɕʰi³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕi⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰi³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰz̩²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰi³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰei³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰi³¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰi³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/si³³/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡si⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰi²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰɐi⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰɐi⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰɐi⁵³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/se⁵⁵/ /t͡sʰe⁵⁵/ ～身
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰi⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰi³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/si²³/

Middle Chinese: sej

Rime
Character	棲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	先稽切
Baxter	sej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sei/
Pan Wuyun	/sei/
Shao Rongfen	/sɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛj/
Li Rong	/sei/
Wang Li	/siei/
Bernhard Karlgren	/siei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sai¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-nˤər/

(Zhengzhang): /*siːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	棲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qī
Middle Chinese	‹ sej ›
Old Chinese	/*s-nˁər/
English	bird"s nest
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	棲
Reading #	1/1
No.	9924
Phonetic component	妻
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	西
Old Chinese	/*siːl/

Definitions

棲

to perch
to roost
to stay

Compounds

一枝棲 / 一枝栖
依棲 / 依栖
偏棲 / 偏栖
兩棲 / 两栖 (liǎngqī)
兩棲作戰 / 两栖作战
兩棲演員 / 两栖演员
兩棲部隊 / 两栖部队
共棲 / 共栖
孤棲 / 孤栖
山棲谷飲 / 山栖谷饮
幽棲巖谷 / 幽栖岩谷
底棲生物 / 底栖生物
枝棲 / 枝栖
梧棲 / 梧栖 (Wúqī)
棲宿 / 栖宿
棲屑 / 栖屑
棲息 / 栖息 (qīxī)
棲息地 / 栖息地 (qīxīdì)
棲所 / 栖所 (qīsuǒ)
棲梧食竹 / 栖梧食竹
棲止 / 栖止
棲流所 / 栖流所
棲託 / 栖托
棲身 / 栖身 (qīshēn)
棲遑 / 栖遑
棲遁 / 栖遁
棲遲 / 栖迟
棲霞 / 栖霞 (Qīxiá)
盥耳山棲 / 盥耳山栖
羈棲 / 羁栖
越鳥南棲 / 越鸟南栖
雙棲雙宿 / 双栖双宿
風餐水棲 / 风餐水栖

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 棲 – see 栖 (“used in 栖栖”). (This character is a variant traditional form of 栖).

Japanese

Kanji

棲

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

(Of humans and other animals) residing (somewhere), living (someplace); inhabiting a nest, den, burrow, etc.

Readings

Go-on: さい (sai)
Kan-on: せい (sei)
Kun: すむ (sumu, 棲む)、す (su, 棲)

Compounds

水(すい)棲(せい) (suisei, “aquatic animals; aquatic life”)
同(どう)棲(せい) (dōsei, “cohabitation”)
陸(りく)棲(せい) (rikusei, “land animals; terrestrial life”)
両(りょう)棲(せい)類(るい) (ryōseirui, “amphibians”)

Korean

Hanja

棲 (eumhun 깃 들일 서 (gitdeuril seo))

hanja form^? of 서 (“roost”)

Compounds

서식 (棲息, seosik, “habitation”)
서식지 (棲息地, seosikji, “(ecology) habitat”)
양서류 (兩棲類, yangseoryu, “amphibians, amphibia”)

Vietnamese

Han character

棲: Hán Nôm readings: thê

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