歃

See also: 㰱

歃	U+6B43, 歃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B43

← 歂
[U+6B42]

CJK Unified Ideographs

歄 →
[U+6B44]

Translingual

Han character

歃 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹難弓人 (HXNO) or 一難弓 (MXN), four-corner 2778₂, composition ⿰臿欠)

smear one's mouth with blood of a victim when taking an oath

Derived characters

𬋐

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 570, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16131
Dae Jaweon: page 958, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2146, character 1
Unihan data for U+6B43

Chinese

trad.		歃
simp. ^#		歃
alternative forms		𣣨𦦕㰱喢唼

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (臿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
偛	*ʔsreːb
插	*sʰreːb
鍤	sʰreːb, r̥ʰeb
臿	*sʰreːb
喢	sʰreːb, sreːb, sreb, l̥ʰjeb
牐	*zreːb
歃	sreːb, sreb
敮	*hreːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sreːb, *sreb): phonetic 臿 (OC *sʰreːb) + semantic 欠 (“to yawn”).

Etymology

Compare Khmer ស្រោប (sraop, “to plate; to cover”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *sapᴴ (“to rub; to stroke”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shà (sha⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saap³
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): sab⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhap / sap / sa̍p

(Teochew, Peng'im): cah⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shà
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shà
  - Wade–Giles: sha⁴
  - Yale: shà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shah
  - Palladius: ша (ša)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: saap³
  - Yale: saap
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saap⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: sab³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːp̚³/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sab⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /sap̚¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhap
  - Tâi-lô: tshap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhab
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰap̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰap̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sap
  - Tâi-lô: sap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sab
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sap̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sap̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sa̍p
  - Tâi-lô: sa̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sap
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sap̚²⁴/

Note: sa̍p - “to eat”.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cah⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshah
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaʔ²/

Middle Chinese: srjep, sreap

Rime
Character	歃	歃
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	葉 (156)	洽 (152)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	山輒切	山洽切
Baxter	srjep	sreap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠiᴇp̚/	/ʃˠɛp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚiɛp̚/	/ʃᵚæp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃiæp̚/	/ʃɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂjiap̚/	/ʂəɨp̚/
Li Rong	/ʃjɛp̚/	/ʃɐp̚/
Wang Li	/ʃĭɛp̚/	/ʃɐp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂi̯ɛp̚/	/ʂăp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	she	sha
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sip³	saap³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s](ˤ)r[o]p/, /*[s]r[o]p/

(Zhengzhang): /*sreːb/, /*sreb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	歃	歃
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shà	shà
Middle Chinese	‹ srɛp ›	‹ srjep ›
Old Chinese	/*[s](ˁ)r[o]p/	/*[s]r[o]p/
English	smear mouth with victim"s blood	smear mouth with blood
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	歃	歃
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1196	1200
Phonetic component	臿	臿
Rime group	盍	盍
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	霎	萐
Old Chinese	/*sreːb/	/*sreb/

Definitions

歃

(literary) to drink (blood); to suck (blood); to smear (blood) on the mouth
歃血 ― shàxuè ― to smear the mouth with the blood of a sacrifice
(Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to eat (snacks, etc. in an undignified manner)
(Zhangzhou Hokkien, of animals) to eat; to feed

Synonyms

(to feed): 吃食 (chīshi)

Compounds

歃仔
歃仔仙
歃血 (shàxuè)
歃血為盟 / 歃血为盟 (shàxuèwéiméng)
歃血為誓 / 歃血为誓
歃血而盟
開堂歃血 / 开堂歃血

Japanese

Kanji

歃

(Hyōgai kanji)

to sip, slurp, suck

Readings

On (unclassified): そう (sō)、しょう (shō)、こう (kō)
Kun: すする (susuru)

Korean

Hanja

歃 • (sap) (hangeul 삽, revised sap, McCune–Reischauer sap, Yale sap)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

歃: Hán Nôm readings: sáp, khảm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.