臿

臿	U+81FF, 臿 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81FF

← 臾
[U+81FE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

舀 →
[U+8200]

Translingual

Han character

臿 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹十竹難 (HJHX), four-corner 1077₇, composition ⿻千臼(GK) or ⿻干臼(HTJ))

to separate the grain from the husk

Derived characters

偛, 喢, 𡍪, 㛼, 𢔣, 插, 㴙, 㮑, 𤊿, 牐, 𥈊, 𥓾, 䅤, 䙄, 䛽(𬤌), 鍤(锸), 䮢, 𠝞, 敮, 歃, 㞚, 㢎, 𬐬

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1003, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30180
Dae Jaweon: page 1460, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3038, character 2
Unihan data for U+81FF

Chinese

trad.		臿
simp. ^#		臿
2nd round simp.		⿻千日

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 臿
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
偛	*ʔsreːb
插	*sʰreːb
鍤	sʰreːb, r̥ʰeb
臿	*sʰreːb
喢	sʰreːb, sreːb, sreb, l̥ʰjeb
牐	*zreːb
歃	sreːb, sreb
敮	*hreːb

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 干 (“pestle”) + 臼 (“mortar”) meaning "to grind".

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krap (“to beat, thrash, winnow”); see 壓 (OC *qreːb, “to press down”) for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chā (cha¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): caap³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhap

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chā
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cha
  - Wade–Giles: chʻa¹
  - Yale: chā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cha
  - Palladius: ча (ča)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: caap³
  - Yale: chaap
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaap⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: cab³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːp̚³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhap
  - Tâi-lô: tshap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhab
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰap̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰap̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰap̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰap̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰap̚³²/

Middle Chinese: tsrheap

Rime
Character	臿
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	洽 (152)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	楚洽切
Baxter	tsrheap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠɛp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰəɨp̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰɐp̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰɐp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰăp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cha
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caap³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]<r>op/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰreːb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臿
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chā
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrhɛp ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]<r>op/
English	pestle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臿
Reading #	1/1
No.	1192
Phonetic component
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	插
Old Chinese	/*sʰreːb/

Definitions

臿

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to grind; to pound; to hull; to husk
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 鍤 / 锸 (chā, “spade; shovel”)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 插 (chā, “to insert; stick into”)

Japanese

Kanji

臿

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): そう (sō)、しょう (shō)
Kun: うすじく (usujiku)

Korean

Hanja

臿 • (sap) (hangeul 삽, revised sap, McCune–Reischauer sap)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

臿: Hán Nôm readings: sáp

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation