江西

Chinese

	river	west
simp. and trad. (江西)	江	西
anagram	西江
Literally: “west of the river”.

Etymology

“Jiangxi Province”: Shortened from Jiangnan West Circuit (江南西道 (Jiāngnán Xī Dào)) of the Tang dynasty.
“Region to the north of the Yangtze River”: So named as the river flows northeast in much part of modern Anhui (especially Wuhu, which is an important crossing), and the north of Yangtze River also lies in the west.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Jiāngxī

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤㄒㄧ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gong¹ sai¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gong¹ lhai¹
Gan (Wiktionary): gong¹ xi¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Kông-sî

(Hailu, HRS): gong^ˋ si^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): gong¹ xi¹
Eastern Min (BUC): Gŏng-să̤
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gang¹ se¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Kang-sai / Kang-se

(Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹ sai¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kaon-shi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāngxī
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤㄒㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Jiangsi
  - Wade–Giles: Chiang¹-hsi¹
  - Yale: Jyāng-syī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jiangshi
  - Palladius: Цзянси (Czjansi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gong¹ sai¹
  - Yale: gōng sāi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gong¹ sai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gong¹ sei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gong¹ lhai¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔŋ³³ ɬai³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: gong¹ xi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔŋ⁴² ɕi⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kông-sî
  - Hakka Romanization System: gong^ˊ xi^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gong¹ xi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gong^ˋ si^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /koŋ⁵³ si⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gong¹ xi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kɔŋ⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Gŏng-să̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kouŋ⁵⁵ ^(s-)nɛ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gang¹ se¹ [Phonetic: gang⁵ ne¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Gang-sa̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^(ɬ-)ne⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gang¹ se¹ [Phonetic: gang⁵ ne¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^(ɬ-)ne⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kang-sai
  - Tâi-lô: Kang-sai
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kangsay
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³ sai³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sai⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kang-se
  - Tâi-lô: Kang-se
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kangsef
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gang¹ sai¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang sai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³⁻²³ sai³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹kaon-shi
  - MiniDict: kaon^平 shi
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kaan-xi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɑ̃⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

Middle Chinese: kaewng sej

Rime
Character	江	西
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	江 (9)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	IV
Fanqie	古雙切	先稽切
Baxter	kaewng	sej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠʌŋ/	/sei/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚɔŋ/	/sei/
Shao Rongfen	/kɔŋ/	/sɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨwŋ/	/sɛj/
Li Rong	/kɔŋ/	/sei/
Wang Li	/kɔŋ/	/siei/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɔŋ/	/siei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāng	xī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gong¹	sai¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤroŋ s-nˤər/

(Zhengzhang): /*kroːŋ sɯːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	江	西
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāng	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ kæwng ›	‹ sej ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁroŋ/	/*s-nˁər/
English	(Yangzi) river	west
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	江	西
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3995	13236
Phonetic component	工	西
Rime group	東	微
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	江	西
Old Chinese	/*kroːŋ/	/*sɯːl/

Proper noun

江西

(～省) Jiangxi (a province in southern China)
(～區域, formerly ～郡) Kangsŏ (a ward of Namp'o, South Pyongan Province, North Korea)
(historical) region to the north of Yangtze River; sometimes includes the Central Plains (as opposed to 江東／江东 (Jiāngdōng)).

Synonyms

(abbreviation) 贛／赣 (gàn)

Coordinate terms

江東／江东 (Jiāngdōng)
江南 (Jiāngnán)
江北 (Jiāngběi)

Derived terms

江西話 / 江西话 (jiāngxīhuà)

Descendants

→ Thai: กังไส (gang-sǎi, “Jingdezhen porcelain”) (via Min Nan)
→ Manchu: ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡳ (giyangsi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
江	西
こう Grade: S	せい Grade: 2
on'yomi

Proper noun

江(こう)西(せい) • (Kōsei)

Jiangxi (a province in southern China)

Korean

Hanja in this term
江	西

Proper noun

江西 • (Gangseo) (hangeul 강서)

hanja form^? of 강서 :
1. Jiangxi (a province in southern China)
2. Gangseo (a district of Seoul, South Korea)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
江	西

Proper noun

江西

chữ Hán form of Giang Tây: Jiangxi (a province in southern China)