流連

Chinese

Etymology 1

		to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move	even; as; to join even; as; to join; to link; successively
trad. (流連)		流	連
simp. (流连)		流	连
alternative forms		留連／留连流漣／流涟 “to shed tears”

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liúlián

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁴ lin⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liù-lièn
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liû-liân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liúlián
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lióulián
  - Wade–Giles: liu²-lien²
  - Yale: lyóu-lyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lioulian
  - Palladius: люлянь (ljuljanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
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    榴槤 / 榴梿
    榴蓮 / 榴莲
    榴連 / 榴连
    流連 / 流连
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lau⁴ lin⁴
  - Yale: làuh lìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁴ lin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: leo⁴ lin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²¹ liːn²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    榴槤 / 榴梿
    流連 / 流连
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liù-lièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: liu^ˇ lien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: liu² lian²
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯u¹¹ li̯en¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû-liân
  - Tâi-lô: liû-liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liulieen
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liu²⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liu²⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liu¹³⁻²² liɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liu²⁴⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu²³⁻³³ liɛn²³/

Middle Chinese: ljuw ljen

Rime
Character	流	連
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	力求切	力延切
Baxter	ljuw	ljen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨu/	/liᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/liu/	/liɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/liəu/	/ljæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luw/	/lian/
Li Rong	/liu/	/liɛn/
Wang Li	/lĭəu/	/lĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ə̯u/	/li̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liú	lián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lau⁴	lin⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ru [r]a[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ru ren/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	流	連
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liú	lián
Middle Chinese	‹ ljuw ›	‹ ljen ›
Old Chinese	/*ru/	/*[r]a[n]/
English	flow (v.)	connect in a row
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	流	連
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8335	7992
Phonetic component	流	連
Rime group	幽	元
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	劉	連
Old Chinese	/*ru/	/*ren/
Notes	或爲毓省聲

Verb

流連

to be reluctant to leave; to linger
(literary) to enjoy oneself and forget to go home
(literary) to be forced to migrate and be separated from each other
(literary) to repeat
(literary) to shed tears

Synonyms

(to be reluctant to leave): 留戀／留恋 (liúliàn), 依戀／依恋 (yīliàn)

Derived terms

流連忘返 / 流连忘返 (liúliánwàngfǎn)
流連荒亡 / 流连荒亡

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 流連 – see 榴槤 (“durian”). (This term is a variant form of 榴槤).