湎

湎	U+6E4E, 湎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E4E

← 湍
[U+6E4D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

湏 →
[U+6E4F]

Translingual

Han character

湎 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水一田中 (EMWL), four-corner 3116₀, composition ⿰氵面)

flushed with drink, drunk

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 636, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17826
Dae Jaweon: page 1043, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1672, character 3
Unihan data for U+6E4E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		湎
alternative forms		䤄𩈳𨟺沔

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (面) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蝒	*men
緬	*menʔ
湎	*menʔ
愐	*menʔ
偭	menʔ, mens
勔	*menʔ
面	*mens
麵	*meːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *menʔ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 面 (OC *mens).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): miǎn (mian³)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): min⁵
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bián / biān / bín

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: miǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: miǎn
  - Wade–Giles: mien³
  - Yale: myǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mean
  - Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: min⁵
  - Yale: míhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: min⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: min⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːn¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: meng⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: meng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián / biān / bín
  - Tâi-lô: bián / biān / bín
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biern, bien, bien
  - IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn⁵³/, /biɛn²²/, /bin⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴/, /biɛn⁴¹/, /bin⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³/, /biɛn²²/, /bin⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³/, /biɛn³³/, /bin⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹/, /biɛn³³/, /bin⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: mjienX

Rime
Character	湎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	彌兖切
Baxter	mjienX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miᴇn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/miɛn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/mjæn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mian^X/
Li Rong	/miɛn^X/
Wang Li	/mĭɛn^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ɛn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	min⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*menʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*menʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	湎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	miǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ mjien^X ›
Old Chinese	/*menʔ/
English	sink in (wine)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	湎
Reading #	1/1
No.	9094
Phonetic component	面
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	緬
Old Chinese	/*menʔ/

Definitions

湎

(literary) to give in to drinking; to lose oneself in drink
(literary) to indulge in; to wallow in; to abandon oneself to

Compounds

沉湎 (chénmiǎn)
沉湎淫逸
流湎
湎湎
湎湎紛紛 / 湎湎纷纷
玄石沉湎
耽湎
荒湎

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “湎”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 157.

Japanese

Kanji

湎

(Hyōgai kanji)

be immersed in
be absorbed in

Readings

Go-on: めん (men)
Kan-on: べん (ben)
Kun: おぼれる (oboreru, 湎れる)、しずむ (shizumu, 湎む)

Korean

Hanja

湎 • (myeon) (hangeul 면, revised myeon, McCune–Reischauer myŏn, Yale myen)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

湎: Hán Nôm readings: giờn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.