湍

湍	U+6E4D, 湍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E4D

← 湌
[U+6E4C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

湎 →
[U+6E4E]

Translingual

Han character

湍 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水山一月 (EUMB), four-corner 3212₇, composition ⿰氵耑)

rapid water current, rapids

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 636, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17825
Dae Jaweon: page 1043, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1677, character 10
Unihan data for U+6E4D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		湍
alternative forms		漙／𬇘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 湍
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (耑) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
揣	toːlʔ, sʰrolʔ
褍	toːlʔ, toːn
惴	*tjols
圌	djol, djon
篅	djol, djon
瑞	*djols
端	*toːn
剬	toːn, tjonʔ
偳	toːn, tʰoːn
鍴	*toːn
耑	*toːn
踹	toːns, djonʔ
湍	tʰoːn, tjon
煓	*tʰoːn
貒	tʰoːn, tʰoːns
諯	stʰons, tjon, tʰjons, djon
顓	*tjon
喘	*tʰjonʔ
遄	*djon
輲	*djon
椯	*djon
歂	djon, djonʔ
腨	*djonʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰoːn, *tjon): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tuān (tuan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): teon¹ / tyun¹ / zyun² / cyun²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhoan / thoan

(Teochew, Peng'im): zuêng¹ / zuang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tuān
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tuan
  - Wade–Giles: tʻuan¹
  - Yale: twān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuan
  - Palladius: туань (tuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯än⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: teon¹ / tyun¹ / zyun² / cyun²
  - Yale: tēun / tyūn / jyún / chyún
  - Cantonese Pinyin: toen¹ / tyn¹ / dzyn² / tsyn²
  - Guangdong Romanization: tên¹ / tün¹ / jun² / qun²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɵn⁵⁵/, /tʰyːn⁵⁵/, /t͡syːn³⁵/, /t͡sʰyːn³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoan / thoan
  - Tâi-lô: tshuan / thuan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoafn, toafn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/, /tʰuan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰuan³³/, /tʰuan³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/, /tʰuan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/, /tʰuan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/, /tʰuan⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zuêng¹ / zuang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsueng / tsuang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sueŋ³³/, /t͡suaŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: thwan, tsywen

Rime
Character	湍	湍
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	他端切	職緣切
Baxter	thwan	tsywen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuɑn/	/t͡ɕiuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰʷɑn/	/t͡ɕʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuɑn/	/t͡ɕjuæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰwan/	/cwian/
Li Rong	/tʰuɑn/	/t͡ɕiuɛn/
Wang Li	/tʰuɑn/	/t͡ɕĭwɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰuɑn/	/t͡ɕi̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuān	zhuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tyun¹	zyun¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰˤor/

(Zhengzhang): /*tʰoːn/, /*tjon/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	湍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tuān
Middle Chinese	‹ thwan ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰˁor/
English	rushing water
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	湍	湍
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	2507	2515
Phonetic component	耑	耑
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime		專
Old Chinese	/*tʰoːn/	/*tjon/

Definitions

湍

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

急湍 (jítuān)
涌湍 (yǒngtuān)
湍急 (tuānjí)
湍水
湍流 (tuānliú)
湍瀨 / 湍濑
飛湍 / 飞湍
驚湍 / 惊湍

References

“湍”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

湍

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: たん (tan)
Kan-on: たん (tan)
Kun: はやい (hayai, 湍い)、はやせ (hayase)

Korean

Hanja

湍 (eum 단 (dan))

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Vietnamese

Han character

湍: Hán Nôm readings: suyền, đoan, thoan, thoăn, thuân

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References

Nom Foundation