湧

See also: 涌

湧	U+6E67, 湧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E67

← 湦
[U+6E66]

CJK Unified Ideographs

湨 →
[U+6E68]

Translingual

Han character

湧 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水弓月尸 (ENBS), four-corner 3712₇, composition ⿰氵勇)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 638, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17862
Dae Jaweon: page 1044, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1691, character 5
Unihan data for U+6E67

Chinese

trad.		湧/涌^*
simp.		涌^*
alternative forms		悀愑

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 勇 (OC *loŋʔ)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǒng (yong³)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jung² / jung⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yúng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): éng / ióng

(Teochew, Peng'im): iong³ / êng²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ion

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǒng
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǒng
  - Wade–Giles: yung³
  - Yale: yǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeong
  - Palladius: юн (jun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jung² / jung⁵
  - Yale: yúng / yúhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jung² / jung⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yung² / yung⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ³⁵/, /jʊŋ¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
  - Hakka Romanization System: iung^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung³
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung³
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng
  - Tâi-lô: íng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eang
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng
  - Tâi-lô: ióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iorng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹/

Note:

éng - vernacular;
ióng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: iong³ / êng²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iòng / éng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ²¹³/, /eŋ⁵²/

Note: êng2 - dialectal usage, “wave” (in 大湧, 風湧).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ion
  - MiniDict: ion^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ion
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ioŋ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: yowngX

Rime
Character	湧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余隴切
Baxter	yowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨoŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/jioŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ioŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawŋ^X/
Li Rong	/ioŋ^X/
Wang Li	/jĭwoŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯woŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung⁵

Definitions

湧

(of water) to spring up from below
to rush out like water; to gush
一大群人湧了出來 [MSC, trad.]
一大群人涌了出来 [MSC, simp.]
yī dà qún rén yǒng le chūlái [Pinyin]
a crowd of people gushed out
(Southern Min) wave
海湧／海涌 [Hokkien] ― hái-éng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― sea wave

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 浪 (“wave”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		瀾, 浪
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		浪
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	浪
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	浪
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	浪頭
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	浪
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	浪子
Cantonese	Hong Kong	浪
Gan	Nanchang	浪
Huizhou	Jixi	浪頭
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	浪
Southern Min	Xiamen	湧
	Quanzhou	湧
	Zhangzhou	湧
	Tainan	湧
	Jieyang	湧
	Leizhou	湧
	Haikou	湧
Wu	Shanghai	浪頭, 波浪
	Shanghai (Chongming)	浪頭
	Ningbo	浪頭, 浪

Compounds

思如泉湧 / 思如泉涌
思如湧泉 / 思如涌泉
思若湧泉 / 思若涌泉
操瓶湧泉 / 操瓶涌泉
文思泉湧 / 文思泉涌
暗潮洶湧 / 暗潮汹涌
氣湧如山 / 气涌如山
泉湧 / 泉涌
波濤洶湧 / 波涛汹涌 (bōtāoxiōngyǒng)
洶湧 / 汹涌 (xiōngyǒng)
洶湧澎湃 / 汹涌澎湃
淚如泉湧 / 泪如泉涌 (lèirúquányǒng)
湧入 / 涌入 (yǒngrù)
湧出 / 涌出 (yǒngchū)
湧升流 / 涌升流
湧泉 / 涌泉
湧潮 / 涌潮 (yǒngcháo)
湧現 / 涌现 (yǒngxiàn)
湧進 / 涌进
潮湧 / 潮涌 (cháoyǒng)
痟狗湧 / 痟狗涌 (siáu-káu-éng) (Min Nan)
翻湧 / 翻涌 (fānyǒng)
蜂湧 / 蜂涌
蜂湧而出 / 蜂涌而出
謀如湧泉 / 谋如涌泉
鋪霜湧雪 / 铺霜涌雪 (pūshuāngyǒngxuě)
風起潮湧 / 风起潮涌
風起雲湧 / 风起云涌
風靡雲湧 / 风靡云涌

References

“湧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	湧
Kyūjitai ^[1]	湧󠄂 湧+`󠄂`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

湧

(Jōyō kanji)

(of water) to spring up from below
Synonym: 涌

Readings

Go-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)
Kan-on: よう (yō)
Kun: わく (waku, 湧く, Jōyō)、わかす (wakasu, 湧かす)、わき (waki, 湧き)
Nanori: わか (waka)、わき (waki)、わく (waku)

References

^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1311 (paper), page 706 (digital)

Korean

Hanja

湧 (eum 용 (yong))

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Vietnamese

Han character

湧: Hán Nôm readings: rụng, dộng, dũng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1311 (paper), page 706 (digital)

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