余

余 U+4F59, 余 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F59 ← 佘 [U+4F58] CJK Unified Ideographs 佚 → [U+4F5A]

Japanese	余 余 余
Simplified	余 余 馀
Traditional	余 餘 餘

Stroke order

余 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一木 (OMD), four-corner 8090₄, composition ⿱亼朩)

• 俆, 凃, 唋, 徐, 悇, 捈, 涂, 狳, 除, 途, 梌, 㻌, 畭, 硢, 稌, 䋡, 䍱, 艅, 蜍, 賖, 䞮, 䟻, 酴, 䩣, 餘(馀), 駼(𬳿), 鮽, 鵌(𱉸)
• 䣄, 敍, 敘(叙), 斜, 雓, 䳜(𫛬), 峹, 悆, 畬, 嵞, 荼, 筡, 庩

• 餘 (Traditional form of 余)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 99, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 515
• Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 128, character 4
• Unihan data for U+4F59

• This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated 佘.
• Note that 余 is also the simplified form of 餘 in mainland China and Japan. However, in traditional Chinese, 余 and 餘 are two distinct characters.

Pictogram (象形) – thatched cottage; house. Original form of 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs, “house”).

simp. and trad.		余
alternative forms		𠎳

“I; me”

Related to 予 (OC *la, “I”), 台 (OC *lɯ, “I”) and 朕 (OC *l'ɯmʔ, “my; I”), forming the *l- series of first-person Old Chinese personal pronouns. This series is commonly used by Shang Dynasty kings to refer to themselves.

In contrast, Old Chinese also had the *ŋ- series of first-person pronouns, represented by 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ, “I”) and 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː, “I”), which became more widely used over time.

Further etymology is considered obscure by Schuessler (2007), but Sagart (2007) relates these pronouns to Karbi la (“this”). Accepting Sagart's observation, a Proto-Sino-Tibetan *la (“this”) can be reconstructed.

余

1. (literary) I; me

   • 余姑翦滅此而朝食。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     余姑翦灭此而朝食。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Yú gū jiǎnmiè cǐ ér zhāoshí. [Pinyin]

     I will eliminate them before having my morning meal.

   • 古之人不余欺也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: 1084, 蘇軾 (Su Shi), 石鐘山記

     Gǔ zhī rén bù yú qī yě. [Pinyin]

     The ancient people did not deceive me.

2. (obsolete) the fourth month of the Chinese calendar
3. a surname, Yu

   余華／余华  ―  Yú Huá  ―  Yu Hua (Chinese author)

• (I):

• → English: Yu, Yue, Yee, Eu, Ee, Er

For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 餘 (“to remain; to have left; time after an event; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 餘).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

simp. and trad.		余
alternative forms		豫

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

余

1. a surname

simp. and trad.		余

余

1. only used in 檮余 (Chóutú)

simp. and trad.		余

余

1. only used in 余吾 (Xúwú)

simp. and trad.		余

余

1. only used in 褒余 (Bāoxié)

simp. and trad.		余

For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 佘. (This character is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as a variant form of 佘).

• 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “余”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00128

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. (archaic) I; me

• Go-on: よ (yo, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: よ (yo, Jōyō)
• Kun: われ (ware, 余)

Shinjitai	余
Kyūjitai	餘

Simplified from 餘 (elimination of 𩙿).

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 餘)

1. over, too much
2. extraneous, remainder

• Go-on: よ (yo, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: よ (yo, Jōyō)
• Kun: あまる (amaru, 余る, Jōyō)、あます (amasu, 余す, Jōyō)、あまり (amari, 余り)

Kanji in this term
余
よ Grade: 5
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
餘 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 餘 (MC yo).

• (Tokyo) よ [yóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) よ [yò] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [jo̞]

余(よ) • (yo) 

1. over, more than, a little more than, plus, upwards of

   Synonyms: 余り (amari), 有余 (yūyo), 以上 (ijō)

   • 1950, 坂口安吾, 肝臓先生‎^[1], 青空文庫:

     遠洋(えんよう)へ漁(りょう)にでると、一(いっ)ヶ月(げつ)、マグロなら二(に)ヶ月(げつ)の余(よ)も、海(うみ)の上(うえ)で暮(くら)すのである。

     En'yō e ryō ni deru to, ikkagetsu, maguro nara nikagetsu no yo mo, umi no ue de kurasu no de aru.

     When they go out to the open sea to fish, they live on the sea for one month, more than two months if fishing for tuna.

2. other

   Synonyms: 他 (hoka), 他 (ta)

3. remainder

   Synonyms: 余り (amari), 残り (nokori), 残余 (zan'yo), 余分 (yobun)

余(よ) • (-yo) 

1. over, more than, a little more than, plus, upwards of

   Synonyms: 余り (amari), 有余 (yūyo), 以上 (ijō)

   二十(にじゅう)余(よ)年(ねん)

   nijū-yonen

   over twenty years

   • 1889, 福澤諭吉, 福翁自伝‎^[2], 青空文庫:

     その時私(ときわたし)は鉄砲洲(てっぽうず)に住(すまっ)て居(い)て、鉄砲洲(てっぽうず)から小石川(こいしかわ)まで頓(やが)て二里(にり)余(よ)もありましょう

     sono toki watashi wa Teppōzu ni sumatte ite, Teppōzu kara Koishikawa made yagate niri-yo mo arimashō

     I was living in Teppōzu then, and there is likely around two plus ri from Teppōzu to Koishikawa

   • 1926, 南部修太郎, 寫眞と思ひ出 ――私の写真修行――‎^[3], 青空文庫:

     しかし、いろ／＼合(あは)せて、もう千(せん)余(よ)枚(まい)を數(かぞ)へる印畫(いんぐわ)のアルバムを時折繰眺(ときをりくりなが)めるのは、樂(たのし)く愉快(ゆくわい)である。

     Shikashi, iroiro awasete, mō sen-yomai o kazoeru inga no arubamu o tokiori kuri nagameru no wa, tanoshiku yukai de aru.

     However, it is fun and delightful to flip through and gaze at my album of prints from time to time, which now number more than one thousand altogether.

Kanji in this term
余
よ Grade: 5
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see the following entry.

【予よ】3 [pronoun] first-person personal pronoun; I, me

(This term, 余, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Kanji in this term
余
われ Grade: 5
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see the following entry.

【我われ】6 [pronoun] first person singular pronoun: I, me, oneself [pronoun] (usually vulgar) second person singular pronoun: you Alternative spellings 吾, 予

(This term, 余, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [jʌ̹]
• Phonetic hangul: [여]

Wikisource

余 (eum 여 (yeo))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

余: Hán Nôm readings: dư, dờ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

• Nom Foundation