滅國

Chinese

		extinguish	country; state; nation
trad. (滅國)		滅	國
simp. (灭国)		灭	国

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mièguó

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mit⁶ gwok³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): me̍t-koet

(Hailu, HRS): med^ˋ gued
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): beh⁷ gorh⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bia̍t-kok

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mièguó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mièguó
  - Wade–Giles: mieh⁴-kuo²
  - Yale: myè-gwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miehgwo
  - Palladius: мего (mego)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mit⁶ gwok³
  - Yale: miht gwok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mit⁹ gwok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: mid⁶ guog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːt̚² kʷɔːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: me̍t-koet
  - Hakka Romanization System: med gued^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: med⁶ gued⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /met̚⁵ ku̯et̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: med^ˋ gued
  - Sinological IPA: /met² kuet⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: beh⁷ gorh⁶ [Phonetic: beh⁴ gorh⁶]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: be̍h-go̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛʔ⁴⁻⁴² kɒʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: beh⁷ gorh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛʔ⁴ kɒʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bia̍t-kok
  - Tâi-lô: bia̍t-kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biadkog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /biɛt̚⁴⁻³² kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛt̚²⁴⁻² kɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /biɛt̚⁴⁻³² kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛt̚⁴⁻³² kɔk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: mjiet kwok

Rime
Character	滅	國
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	薛 (81)	德 (132)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	亡列切	古或切
Baxter	mjiet	kwok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miᴇt̚/	/kwək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/miɛt̚/	/kʷək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mjæt̚/	/kuək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/miat̚/	/kwək̚/
Li Rong	/miɛt̚/	/kuək̚/
Wang Li	/mĭɛt̚/	/kuək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ɛt̚/	/kwək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miè	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mit⁶	gwak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[m]et [C.q]ʷˤək/

(Zhengzhang): /*med kʷɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	滅	國
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	miè	guó
Middle Chinese	‹ mjiet ›	‹ kwok ›
Old Chinese	/*[m]et/	/*[C.q]ʷˁək/
English	destroy	state (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	滅	國
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13942	5547
Phonetic component	戌	或
Rime group	月	職
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	滅	國
Old Chinese	/*med/	/*kʷɯːɡ/
Notes	烕轉註

Noun

滅國

(Classical) perished country; fallen nation
- 興滅國，繼絕世，舉逸民，天下之民歸心焉。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  兴灭国，继绝世，举逸民，天下之民归心焉。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
  Xīng mièguó, jì juéshì, jǔ yìmín, tiānxià zhī mín guīxīn yān. [Pinyin]
  Re-establish ruined states. Restore extinct families of nobles. Call to office retired men of virtue and learning. By doing so, the people throughout the world will gladly acknowledge your authority.

Synonyms

亡國／亡国 (wángguó)

Verb

滅國

(intransitive, of a nation) to perish; to be conquered or subjugated

Synonyms

亡國／亡国 (wángguó)