滅

滅 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水戈竹火 (EIHF), four-corner 3315₀, composition ⿰氵烕)

• 𢷄, 𤄌

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 642, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18008
• Dae Jaweon: page 1049, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1696, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6EC5

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *med): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 烕 (OC *hmed) – to destroy with water (extinguish, flood).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-miːt (“to extinguish; to shut abruptly; to wink; to blink; to die”). Matisoff compares Burmese မှိတ် (hmit, “(of eyes) to close; (of light) to put out, to switch off”) and possibly Tibetan མེད (med, “to not exist”). Cognate Chinese characters include:

• 烕 (OC *hmed, “to destroy; to cause destruction”)
• 蔑 (OC *meːd, *meːd, “to destroy”)

The Old Chinese *e ~ Proto-Tibeto-Burman *i vowel discrepancy may be explained by a reanalysis of the proto-etymon in Chinese, as derived from 隳 (OC *hmai, “to destroy”) + suffix *-t (Schuessler, 2009), although 隳 is reconstructed in the Baxter-Sagart and Zhengzhang systems as having an *l-like initial. The direct Chinese comparandum of Proto-Tibeto-Burman *mit may be 沒 (OC *mɯːd, “to disappear; to die; to perish in water”) (ibid.).

滅

1. to obliterate; to wipe out; to eradicate; to conquer

   滅國弒君／灭国弑君  ―  mièguóshìjūn  ―  to obliterate a country and kill its ruler

2. to be destroyed; to perish; to die
3. to disappear; to vanish
4. to extinguish (a fire); (of light or fire) to go out
5. to turn off (light, lamp, etc.)
6. to alter (handwriting)

• (to extinguish):

• “滅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “灭”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 212.

(Jōyō kanji)

1. destroy
2. die, perish, disappear
3. fall, collapse

• Go-on: めち (mechi)、めつ (metsu, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: べつ (betsu)
• Kun: ほろびる (horobiru, 滅びる, Jōyō)、ほるもかに (horumokani, 滅に)、ほろぼす (horobosu, 滅ぼす, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 滅 (MC mjiet).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [mjʌ̹ɭ]
• Phonetic hangul: [멸]

Wikisource

滅 (eumhun 멸망할 멸 (myeolmanghal myeol))

1. hanja form^? of 멸 (“destroy”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

滅: Hán Nôm readings: diệt

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