亡國

Chinese

		to die; to perish	country; state; nation
trad. (亡國)		亡	國
simp. (亡国)		亡	国

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wángguó

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mong⁴ gwok³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): mong³ gok²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bông-kok

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wángguó
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wángguó
  - Wade–Giles: wang²-kuo²
  - Yale: wáng-gwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wanggwo
  - Palladius: ванго (vango)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    亡國 / 亡国
    王國 / 王国
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mong⁴ gwok³
  - Yale: mòhng gwok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mong⁴ gwok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: mong⁴ guog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: mong³ gok²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbɔŋ²² kɔk̚⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bông-kok
  - Tâi-lô: bông-kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bongkog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: mjang kwok

Rime
Character	亡	國
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)	德 (132)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	武方切	古或切
Baxter	mjang	kwok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉɐŋ/	/kwək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷiɐŋ/	/kʷək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/miuɑŋ/	/kuək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muaŋ/	/kwək̚/
Li Rong	/miuaŋ/	/kuək̚/
Wang Li	/mĭwaŋ/	/kuək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/miwaŋ/	/kwək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wáng	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mong⁴	gwak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*maŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/

(Zhengzhang): /*maŋ kʷɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亡	國
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wáng	guó
Middle Chinese	‹ mjang ›	‹ kwok ›
Old Chinese	/*maŋ/	/*[C.q]ʷˁək/
English	flee; disappear; die	state (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亡	國
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12662	5547
Phonetic component	亡	或
Rime group	陽	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	亡	國
Old Chinese	/*maŋ/	/*kʷɯːɡ/

Verb

亡⫽國 (verb-object) (intransitive)

(of a state) to perish

Derived terms

亡國之音 / 亡国之音 (wángguó zhī yīn)
亡國奴 / 亡国奴 (wángguónú)

Noun

亡國

(Classical) perished state
- 亡國不可以復存，死者不可以復生。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  亡国不可以复存，死者不可以复生。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: The Art of War, circa 5^th century BCE
  Wángguó bù kěyǐ fù cún, sǐzhě bù kěyǐ fùshēng. [Pinyin]
  The perished states cannot be refounded, and the dead cannot come back to life.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (亡國):

→ Japanese: 亡(ぼう)国(こく) (bōkoku)
→ Korean: 망국(亡國) (mangguk)
→ Vietnamese: vong quốc (亡國)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
亡	國
ぼう Grade: 6	こく Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 亡國 – see the following entry.

【亡国ぼうこく】

[noun] the destruction of a country

[noun] a perished/destroyed country

(This term, 亡國, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
亡	國

Noun

亡國 • (mangguk) (hangeul 망국)

hanja form^? of 망국

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
亡	國

Verb

亡國

chữ Hán form of vong quốc (“to lose one's country; to perish (of a state)”)