皋

See also: 皐 and 臯

皋	U+768B, 皋 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-768B

← 皊
[U+768A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

皌 →
[U+768C]

Translingual

Han character

皋 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹日大十 (HAKJ), four-corner 2640₃, composition ⿱白夲)

Derived characters

嗥, 𡟷, 㟸, 滜, 獆, 暤, 𦞵, 槔, 皞, 𥡅, 𥻷, 䜂, 䜰, 𨎀, 𤾲, 韟, 𫑯, 䣗, 翱, 䚌, 䫧, 鷎(𬸢), 㿁, 䔌

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 787, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22714
Dae Jaweon: page 1202, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2647, character 15
Unihan data for U+768B

Chinese

trad.		皋/皐/臯
simp.		皋
alternative forms		睪睾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 皋
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
睾	*kuː
皋	*kuː

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 白 (“white, bright”) + 夲 (“to advance”), although the connection to the modern meaning is unclear.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gāo (gao¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gou¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gao
  - Wade–Giles: kao¹
  - Yale: gāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gau
  - Palladius: гао (gao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gou¹
  - Yale: gōu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gou¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko
  - Tâi-lô: ko
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koy
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ko⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ko³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ko⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ko⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ⁴⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹kau
  - MiniDict: kau^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɔ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: kaw

Rime
Character	皋
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古勞切
Baxter	kaw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaw/
Li Rong	/kɑu/
Wang Li	/kɑu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gou¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤu/

(Zhengzhang): /*kuː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	皋
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāo
Middle Chinese	‹ kaw ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁu/
English	announce
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	皋
Reading #	1/1
No.	3793
Phonetic component
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	髙
Old Chinese	/*kuː/
Notes	同臯

Definitions

皋

(literary) shore; land by a body of water
(literary) highland
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) marsh; pool
- 鶴鳴于九皋，聲聞于野。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  鹤鸣于九皋，声闻于野。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Hè míng yú jiǔ gāo, shēng wén yú yě. [Pinyin]
  The crane cries in the ninth marsh,
  And her voice is heard in the [distant] wilds.
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) rice paddy
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) (alt. form 高) tall; high
a surname

Compounds

九皋
亭皋
如皋射雉
平皋
成皋 (Chénggāo)
東皋 / 东皋
江皋
漢皋解佩 / 汉皋解佩
皋壤
皋比 (gāopí)
皋澤 / 皋泽
皋牢
皋門 / 皋门 (gāomén)
皋陶 (Gāoyáo)
皋隰
皋魚之泣 / 皋鱼之泣
蘅皋
隰皋
鶴鳴九皋 / 鹤鸣九皋

References

“皋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

皋

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): こう (kō)
Kun: さわ (sawa, 皋)、さかい (sakai, 皋)、さつき (satsuki)

Korean

Hanja

皋 (eumhun 언덕 고 (eondeok go))

alternative form of 皐 (“hanja form^? of 고 (“highland”)”)

References

Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 3. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

皋: Hán Nôm readings: cao

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Nôm: cao

References

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999