礦

See also: 砿, 矿, 鑛, and 鉱

礦	U+7926, 礦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7926

← 礥
[U+7925]

CJK Unified Ideographs

礧 →
[U+7927]

Translingual

Traditional	礦
Shinjitai (extended)	砿
Simplified	矿

Traditional
Simplified	矿
Japanese	鉱
Korean	鑛

Han character

礦 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 一口戈廿金 (MRITC), four-corner 1068₆, composition ⿰石廣)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 838, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24564
Dae Jaweon: page 1255, character 21
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2461, character 13
Unihan data for U+7926

Chinese

trad.		礦
simp.		矿
alternative forms		鑛／矿鉱磺丱卝鑛／矿鉱磺丱卝鋛𥐫𥒩𨥑𨥥𨧾𨨭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
僙	*kʷaːŋ
廣	*kʷaːŋʔ
鄺	kʷaːŋʔ, qʰʷaːŋ
懬	kʰʷaːŋʔ, kʰaːŋʔ
爌	kʰʷaːŋʔ, kʰʷaːŋs, *qʰʷaːŋʔ
曠	*kʰʷaːŋs
矌	*kʰʷaːŋs
壙	*kʰʷaːŋs
纊	*kʰʷaːŋs
黃	*ɡʷaːŋ
璜	*ɡʷaːŋ
潢	ɡʷaːŋ, ɡʷaːŋs
簧	*ɡʷaːŋ
癀	*ɡʷaːŋ
鱑	*ɡʷaːŋ
獚	*ɡʷaːŋ
蟥	*ɡʷaːŋ
趪	*ɡʷaːŋ
櫎	*ɡʷaːŋʔ
擴	ɡʷlaːŋs, kʰʷaːɡ
瀇	*qʷaːŋʔ
獷	kʷaŋʔ, kʷraːŋʔ
觵	*kʷraːŋ
礦	*kʷraːŋʔ
鑛	*kʷraːŋʔ
穬	*kʷraːŋʔ
橫	ɡʷraːŋ, ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ
黌	*ɡʷraːŋ
鐄	*ɡʷraːŋ
嚝	*qʰʷraːŋ
彉	kʷaːɡ, qʰʷaːɡ
彍	kʷaːɡ, qʰʷaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʷraːŋʔ): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): kuàng, gǒng (kuang⁴, gong³)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄤˋ, ㄍㄨㄥˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kuang⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): kwong³ / gwong³ / kong³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khóng / khong

(Meixian, Guangdong): guang³
Eastern Min (BUC): kuōng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): korng⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khǹg / khòng

(Teochew, Peng'im): kuang³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland and Taiwan standard)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kuàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuàng
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuang⁴
  - Yale: kwàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuanq
  - Palladius: куан (kuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǒng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǒng
  - Wade–Giles: kung³
  - Yale: gǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goong
  - Palladius: гун (gun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: kuang⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kuong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuaŋ²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kwong³ / gwong³ / kong³
  - Yale: kwong / gwong / kong
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwong³ / gwong³ / kong³
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuong³ / guong³ / kong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɔːŋ³³/, /kʷɔːŋ³³/, /kʰɔːŋ³³/

Note: gwong3, kong3 - alternative pronunciations.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khóng / khong
  - Hakka Romanization System: kong^ˋ / kong
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kong³ / kong⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ³¹/, /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: guang³
  - Sinological IPA: /kuaŋ³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kuōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuoŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: korng⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̤̍ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɒŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khǹg
  - Tâi-lô: khǹg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qngx
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰŋ̍⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng
  - Tâi-lô: khòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoxng
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ²¹/

Note:

khǹg - vernacular;
khòng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: kuang³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khuàng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuaŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: kwaengX

Rime
Character	礦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (110)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古猛切
Baxter	kwaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠwæŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚaŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kuaŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨjŋ^X/
Li Rong	/kuɐŋ^X/
Wang Li	/kwɐŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwɐŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwang²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʷraːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	礦
Reading #	1/1
No.	5395
Phonetic component	黄
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kʷraːŋʔ/
Notes	說文作磺

Definitions

礦

Compounds

人礦 / 人矿 (rénkuàng)
共生礦 / 共生矿
北海油礦 / 北海油矿
博淄煤礦 / 博淄煤矿
原生礦物 / 原生矿物
團礦 / 团矿
大冶鐵礦 / 大冶铁矿
大同煤礦 / 大同煤矿
富礦 / 富矿 (fùkuàng)
工礦檢查 / 工矿检查
工礦炸藥 / 工矿炸药
成礦作用 / 成矿作用
探礦 / 探矿 (tànkuàng)
採礦 / 采矿 (cǎikuàng)
斑光銅礦 / 斑光铜矿
斑銅礦 / 斑铜矿 (bāntóngkuàng)
方鉛礦 / 方铅矿
次生礦物 / 次生矿物
水錳礦 / 水锰矿
油礦 / 油矿
淄博煤礦 / 淄博煤矿
煤礦 / 煤矿 (méikuàng)
燃料礦物 / 燃料矿物
白鉛礦 / 白铅矿 (báiqiānkuàng)
白鎢礦 / 白钨矿 (báiwūkuàng)
砂礫礦床 / 砂砾矿床
砷黃鐵礦 / 砷黄铁矿
磁鐵礦 / 磁铁矿 (cítiěkuàng)
磁黃鐵礦 / 磁黄铁矿
磷礦 / 磷矿 (Línkuàng)
磷酸礦 / 磷酸矿
礦井 / 矿井 (kuàngjǐng)
礦化作用 / 矿化作用
礦區 / 矿区 (kuàngqū)
礦坑 / 矿坑 (kuàngkēng)
礦場 / 矿场 (kuàngchǎng)
礦塵 / 矿尘
礦層 / 矿层
礦山 / 矿山 (kuàngshān)
礦工 / 矿工 (kuànggōng)
礦床 / 矿床 (kuàngchuáng)
礦業 / 矿业 (kuàngyè)
礦業權 / 矿业权
礦業法 / 矿业法
礦泉 / 矿泉 (kuàngquán)
礦油 / 矿油
礦泉水 / 矿泉水 (kuàngquánshuǐ)
礦燈 / 矿灯
礦物 / 矿物 (kuàngwù)
礦物學 / 矿物学 (kuàngwùxué)
礦物油 / 矿物油 (kuàngwùyóu)
礦物纖維 / 矿物纤维
礦物質 / 矿物质 (kuàngwùzhì)
礦產 / 矿产 (kuàngchǎn)
礦石 / 矿石 (kuàngshí)
礦砂 / 矿砂
礦綿 / 矿绵
礦脈 / 矿脉
礦脂 / 矿脂 (kuàngzhī)
礦苗 / 矿苗
礦藏 / 矿藏 (kuàngcáng)
礦體 / 矿体
礦鹽 / 矿盐
聚礦作用 / 聚矿作用
脈石礦物 / 脉石矿物
萍鄉煤礦 / 萍乡煤矿
菱鋅礦 / 菱锌矿
菱鎂礦 / 菱镁矿
菱鐵礦 / 菱铁矿
褐錳礦 / 褐锰矿
褐鐵礦 / 褐铁矿
貧礦 / 贫矿
赤鉛礦 / 赤铅矿
赤銅礦 / 赤铜矿
赤鐵礦 / 赤铁矿 (chìtiěkuàng)
軟錳礦 / 软锰矿
輝銅礦 / 辉铜矿
輝銀礦 / 辉银矿
輝銻礦 / 辉锑矿
選礦 / 选矿
酸礦 / 酸矿
金礦 / 金矿 (jīnkuàng)
鈾礦 / 铀矿 (yóukuàng)
鉛礦 / 铅矿 (qiānkuàng)
銀礦 / 银矿 (yínkuàng)
銅礦 / 铜矿 (tóngkuàng)
鋁土礦 / 铝土矿 (lǚtǔkuàng)
鋅鐵礦 / 锌铁矿
錫礦 / 锡矿 (xīkuàng)
錫礦山 / 锡矿山
鎢錳鐵礦 / 钨锰铁矿
鏡鐵礦 / 镜铁矿
鐵礦 / 铁矿 (tiěkuàng)
開灤煤礦 / 开滦煤矿
開礦 / 开矿 (kāikuàng)
露天礦 / 露天矿
黃鐵礦 / 黄铁矿 (huángtiěkuàng)
黝銅礦 / 黝铜矿

Descendants

→ Bouyei: kuangq
→ Zhuang: gvangq

References

“礦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02873

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	砿
Print standard	礦

Kanji

礦

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 砿)

alternative form of 鉱: mineral

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}^{←くゐやう (kwiyau, ancient)}
Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
Kun: あらがね (aragane, 礦)

Compounds

礦(こう)業(ぎょう) (kōgyō, “mining”)
礦(こう)石(せき) (kōseki, “ore”)
炭(たん)礦(こう) (tankō, “coal mine”)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
礦
あらがね Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 礦 – see the following entry.

【粗金あらがね】

[noun] unsmelted metal ore

Alternative spellings
鉱, 鑛, 砿, 丱, あらかね

(This term, 礦, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

礦 • (gwang, hwang) (hangeul 광, 황, revised gwang, hwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, hwang, Yale kwang, hwang)

mineral, ore

Vietnamese

Han character

礦: Hán Nôm readings: khoáng, quáng, khoắng

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