秒

秒	U+79D2, 秒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79D2

← 科
[U+79D1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

秓 →
[U+79D3]

Translingual

Han character

秒 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木火竹 (HDFH), four-corner 2992₀, composition ⿰禾少)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 850, character 22
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24952
Dae Jaweon: page 1274, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2593, character 12
Unihan data for U+79D2

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (小) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
觘	sm̥ʰreːw, sm̥ʰreːws
抄	sm̥ʰreːw, sm̥ʰreːws
鈔	sm̥ʰreːw, sm̥ʰreːws
訬	sm̥ʰreːw, mewʔ
炒	*sʰroːʔ
吵	sm̥ʰreːwʔ, mewʔ
耖	*sm̥ʰreːws
仯	*sm̥ʰreːws
眇	*mewʔ
渺	*mewʔ
杪	*mewʔ
秒	*mewʔ
篎	mewʔ, mews
妙	*mews
玅	*mews
釥	*sm̥ʰewʔ
小	*smewʔ
少	hmjewʔ, hmjews
麨	*m̥ʰjewʔ
尠	senʔ, smos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mewʔ): semantic 禾 (“cereal; grain”) + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		秒

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): miǎo (miao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄠˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): miao³
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): miu⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): miau⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): mieu³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): miéu

(Hailu, HRS): miau^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): miau³
Jin (Wiktionary): miau²
Northern Min (KCR): miǎu
Eastern Min (BUC): miēu
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pieo³ / piao³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): biáu / bió

(Teochew, Peng'im): miao² / miou²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶miau
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): miau³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: miǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: miǎo
  - Wade–Giles: miao³
  - Yale: myǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meau
  - Palladius: мяо (mjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: miao³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: miao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miau⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: miu⁵
  - Yale: míuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: miu⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: miu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːu̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: miau⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbiau²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: mieu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miɛu²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miéu
  - Hakka Romanization System: mieu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mieu³
  - Sinological IPA: /mi̯eu̯³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: miau^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /miau²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: miau³
  - Sinological IPA: /miau³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: miau²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /miau⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: miǎu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miau²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: miēu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mieu³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: pieo³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: pâ̤u
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰieu⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: pieo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰieu³³²/
- (Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: pieo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiəu³³²/
- (Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: piao³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiɐu⁴⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biáu
  - Tâi-lô: biáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biao
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /biau⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /biau⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bió
  - Tâi-lô: bió
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bioir
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɤ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bio⁵³/

Note:

Taiwan:
- biáu - literary;
- bió - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: miao² / miou²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miáu / mióu
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /miau⁵²/, /miou⁵²/

Note:

miao2 - Shantou;
miou2 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶miau
  - MiniDict: miau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³miau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /miɔ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: miau³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɒu̯⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: mjiewX

Rime
Character	秒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	亡沼切
Baxter	mjiewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miᴇu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/miɛu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/mjæu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/miaw^X/
Li Rong	/miɛu^X/
Wang Li	/mĭɛu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ɛu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	miu⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*mewʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	秒
Reading #	1/1
No.	13698
Phonetic component	小
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	眇
Old Chinese	/*mewʔ/

Definitions

秒

(obsolete) awn; arista
(obsolete) tiny; minute; insignificant
(obsolete) tip; end; extremity
Classifier for time: second
一天有86400秒。 ― Yī tiān yǒu 86400 miǎo. ― There are 86,400 seconds in one day.
Classifier for measuring an angle or latitude/longitude: second; arcsecond
(obsolete) unit of length equal to 0.0001 cun
(neologism, by extension) in seconds; immediately; instantly; at once
秒回 ― miǎo huí ― to reply instantly

秒刪／秒删 ― miǎo shān ― to delete instantly

秒放 ― miǎo fàng ― to release immediately
(neologism, by extension, of player, enemy, problem, etc.) to instantly kill, finish, solve, etc.
這道題用洛必達法則秒了。 [MSC, trad.]
这道题用洛必达法则秒了。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè dào tí yòng luòbìdá fǎzé miǎo le. [Pinyin]
You can solve this problem instantly using L'Hospital's rule.

Synonyms

秒鐘／秒钟 (miǎozhōng)

Compounds

位元每秒
分秒
分秒必爭 / 分秒必争 (fēnmiǎobìzhēng)
披秒
每秒位元數 / 每秒位元数
每秒傳輸千位元數 / 每秒传输千位元数
每秒傳送位數 / 每秒传送位数
每秒千位元數 / 每秒千位元数
每秒千字節 / 每秒千字节
每秒千比特
比特每秒
毫秒 (háomiǎo)
爭分奪秒 / 争分夺秒 (zhēngfēnduómiǎo)
秒回 (miǎohuí)
秒差距 (miǎochājù)
秒忽
秒殺 / 秒杀 (miǎoshā)
秒針 / 秒针 (miǎozhēn)
秒錶 / 秒表 (miǎobiǎo)
秒鐘 / 秒钟 (miǎozhōng)
米每秒
讀秒 / 读秒 (dúmiǎo)
閏秒 / 闰秒 (rùnmiǎo)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 秒 – see 藐 (“small; young; to look down on; to think little of; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 藐).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

“秒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
(Cantonese) 粵音資料集叢
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “秒”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 179.

Japanese

Kanji

秒

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

second

Readings

Go-on: みょう (myō)
Kan-on: びょう (byō, Jōyō)^{←べう (beu, historical)}
Kun: のぎ (nogi, 秒)

Compounds

秒(びょう)速(そく) (byōsoku)
秒(びょう)読(よ)み (byōyomi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
秒
びょう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) びょー [byóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [bʲo̞ː]

Homophones: 眇, 廟, 鋲, 渺

Noun

秒(びょう) • (byō) ^{←べう (beu)^?}

second (one-sixtieth of a minute; SI unit of time)
second (unit of angular measure)

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 묘 (myo) based on Middle Chinese 秒 (MC mjiewX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	묘ᇢ〯 (Yale: myǒw)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰo̞]
Phonetic hangul: [초]

Hanja

Wikisource

秒 (eumhun 초 초 (cho cho))

hanja form^? of 초 (“the SI unit of time, second”)
hanja form^? of 초 (“(geometry) a second of arc”)

Compounds

기초 (記秒, gicho)
매초 (每秒, maecho)
분초 (分秒, buncho)
윤초 (閏秒, yuncho)
초속 (秒速, chosok)
초침 (秒針, chochim)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

秒: Hán Nôm readings: miểu, sao

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]