稚

See also: 穉 and 推

稚	U+7A1A, 稚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A1A

← 稙
[U+7A19]

CJK Unified Ideographs

稛 →
[U+7A1B]

Translingual

Han character

稚 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹木人土 (HDOG), four-corner 2091₄, composition ⿰禾隹)

Derived characters

𥣽, 䕌, 𱚪, 𥴢

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 855, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25120
Dae Jaweon: page 1280, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2613, character 10
Unihan data for U+7A1A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		稚
alternative forms		稺穉

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'ils): semantic 禾 (“rice”) + phonetic 屖 (OC *sliːl).

During the Han Dynasty, the 屖 component was commonly substituted with 隹 (zhuī).

Etymology

Related to 遲 (OC *l'il, “slow; late”) (Liu, 1999; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zi⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zi⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): ci⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀ / chṳ̂ / chhṳ̂

(Meixian, Guangdong): ci¹
Jin (Wiktionary): zi³
Northern Min (KCR): cĭ
Eastern Min (BUC): dê
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tī

(Teochew, Peng'im): zin²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zy
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): chr⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
  - Wade–Giles: chih⁴
  - Yale: jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zi⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zi⁶
  - Yale: jih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ci⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀ / chṳ̂ / chhṳ̂
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii^ˇ / zii^ˊ / cii^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci² / zi¹ / ci¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹/, /t͡sɨ²⁴/, /t͡sʰɨ²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂ / chhṳ̂
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii^ˊ / cii^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi¹ / ci¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ²⁴/, /t͡sʰɨ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ci¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zi³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɛi²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tī
  - Tâi-lô: tī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: di
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ti³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ti⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ti²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zin²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsíⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩ⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zy
  - MiniDict: zy^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: chr⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: drijH

Rime
Character	稚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直利切
Baxter	drijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖji^H/
Li Rong	/ȡji^H/
Wang Li	/ȡi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lrəj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'ils/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	稚
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ drij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*lrəj-s/
English	young
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	稚
Reading #	1/1
No.	17388
Phonetic component
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	緻
Old Chinese	/*l'ils/
Notes	說文作稺，此疑雉省聲

Definitions

稚

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) immature grain
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) young; infantile; immature
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) child; infant

Compounds

丁稚
乳稚
二稚
兒稚 / 儿稚
土稚
嬌稚 / 娇稚
嬰稚 / 婴稚
孥稚
孤稚
孩稚
幼稚 (yòuzhì)
幼稚園 / 幼稚园 (yòuzhìyuán)
幼稚園病 / 幼稚园病
幼稚教育
幼稚病 (yòuzhìbìng)
後稚 / 后稚
悼稚
撫稚 / 抚稚
敬老慈稚
柔稚
樹稚 / 树稚
淺稚 / 浅稚
狂稚
田稚
盍稚
稚乳
稚交
稚俗
稚免
稚兒 / 稚儿
稚夢 / 稚梦
稚女
稚妻
稚嫩 (zhìnèn)
稚子
稚子術 / 稚子术
稚孫 / 稚孙
稚孺
稚小
稚川
稚年
稚幼
稚弟
稚弱 (zhìruò)
稚態 / 稚态
稚拙 (zhìzhuō)
稚昧
稚杉
稚松
稚柏
稚桑
稚根
稚榻
稚歲 / 稚岁
稚氣 / 稚气 (zhìqì)
稚水
稚犬
稚秀
稚秋
稚稼
稚童
稚竹
稚筍 / 稚笋
稚筆 / 稚笔
稚節 / 稚节
稚綠 / 稚绿
稚老
稚耋
稚艾
稚荷
稚蕊
稚藐
稚蜂
稚語 / 稚语
稚豔 / 稚艳
稚質 / 稚质
稚酒
稚錢 / 稚钱
稚顏 / 稚颜
稚齒 / 稚齿
稚齡 / 稚龄 (zhìlíng)
稚龍 / 稚龙
童稚 (tóngzhì)
老稚
耄安稚嬉
蒙稚
貧稚 / 贫稚
遺稚 / 遗稚
野稚
閹稚 / 阉稚
雛稚 / 雏稚
鞠稚
韶稚
韶顏稚齒 / 韶颜稚齿
養稚 / 养稚
騃稚 / 𫘤稚
驕稚 / 骄稚
髦稚
髫稚
鮐稚 / 鲐稚
齒稚 / 齿稚
齠年稚齒 / 龆年稚齿
齠稚 / 龆稚

Japanese

Kanji

稚

(Jōyō kanji)

immature
young

Readings

Go-on: じ (ji)
Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
Kun: おさない (osanai)、わかい (wakai, 稚い)、いとけない (itokenai, 稚い)

Compounds

稚鮎(ちあゆ) (chiayu)
稚気(ちき) (chiki)
稚魚(ちぎょ) (chigyo)
稚児(ちご) (chigo)
稚子(ちし) (chishi)
稚拙(ちせつ) (chisetsu)
稚嫩(ちどん) (chidon): youth and tenderness
丁稚(でっち) (detchi)
丁稚奉公(でっちぼうこう) (detchibōkō)
幼稚(ようち) (yōchi): infantility
幼稚園(ようちえん) (yōchien): kindergarten
稚鰤(わかさ) (wakasa)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 稚 (MC drijH). Recorded as Middle Korean 티〯 (thǐ) (Yale: thi) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

稚 (eumhun 어릴 치 (eoril chi))

hanja form^? of 치 (“infantile”)

Compounds

유치 (幼稚, yuchi)
유치원 (幼稚園, yuchiwon)
치기 (稚氣, chigi)
치수 (稚樹, chisu)
치어 (稚漁, chieo)
치졸 (稚拙, chijol)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]