競

See also: 竞 and 竸

競	U+7AF6, 競 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AF6

← 竵
[U+7AF5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

竷 →
[U+7AF7]

Translingual

Han character

競 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 卜山卜廿山 (YUYTU), four-corner 0021₆, composition ⿰竞竞)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 873, character 22
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25831
Dae Jaweon: page 1304, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2717, character 2
Unihan data for U+7AF6

Chinese

trad.		競
simp.		竞
alternative forms		𧫙𥪰竸傹 ancient

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 競
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (誩) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
誩	ɡaŋʔ, ɡraŋs, *l̥ʰuːms
競	*ɡraŋs

According to Shuowen, an Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 誩 (“argument”) + 儿 (“man”) + 儿 (“man”) – two individuals debating vigorously. Also possibly a Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡraŋs): phonetic 誩 (OC *ɡaŋʔ, *ɡraŋs, *l̥ʰuːms) + semantic 儿 (“man”) + semantic 儿 (“man”). Compare 友.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging⁶ / ging³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
Eastern Min (BUC): gêng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ging⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kēng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
  - Wade–Giles: ching⁴
  - Yale: jìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
  - Palladius: цзин (czin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ging⁶ / ging³
  - Yale: gihng / ging
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging⁶ / ging³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging⁶ / ging³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ²²/, /kɪŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kin⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛiŋ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ging⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ging⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kēng
  - Tâi-lô: kīng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: keng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: gjaengH

Rime
Character	競
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠敬切
Baxter	gjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiaŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/giajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ɡiɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɐŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kraŋʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡraŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	競
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ gjæng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kraŋʔ-s/ (~ C-kraŋʔ-s)
English	strive; compete
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	競
Reading #	1/1
No.	6893
Phonetic component	誩
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡraŋs/

Definitions

競

to contend; to vie; to compete
(literary) competitively; eagerly; trying to outdo one another
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 倞 (“strong”)

Compounds

不競 / 不竞
僥競 / 侥竞
千巖競秀 / 千岩竞秀
南風不競 / 南风不竞
囂競 / 嚣竞
執競 / 执竞
奔競 / 奔竞
心競 / 心竞
惡性競爭 / 恶性竞争
打競 / 打竞
技能競賽 / 技能竞赛
棠棣競秀 / 棠棣竞秀
棄武競文 / 弃武竞文
爭名競利 / 争名竞利
爭競 / 争竞
爭長競短 / 争长竞短
物競 / 物竞 (wùjìng)
物競天擇 / 物竞天择
生存競爭 / 生存竞争
端陽競渡 / 端阳竞渡
競今疏古 / 竞今疏古
競利 / 竞利
競合現象 / 竞合现象
競技 / 竞技 (jìngjì)
競技場 / 竞技场 (jìngjìchǎng)
競標 / 竞标 (jìngbiāo)
競渡 / 竞渡 (jìngdù)
競爭 / 竞争 (jìngzhēng)
競爭力 / 竞争力 (jìngzhēnglì)
競爽 / 竞爽
競獄 / 竞狱
競理 / 竞理
競病 / 竞病
競相效尤 / 竞相效尤
競短爭長 / 竞短争长
競賽 / 竞赛 (jìngsài)
競走 / 竞走 (jìngzǒu)
競逐 / 竞逐 (jìngzhú)
競速溜冰 / 竞速溜冰
競進 / 竞进
競選 / 竞选 (jìngxuǎn)
競銷 / 竞销 (jìngxiāo)
自由競爭 / 自由竞争 (zìyóu jìngzhēng)
良性競爭 / 良性竞争
趨競 / 趋竞
躁競 / 躁竞

Japanese

Kanji

競

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

competition
to compete

Readings

Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)^{←ぎやう (gyau, historical)}
Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kun: きおう (kiou, 競う)^{←きほふ (kifofu, 競ふ, historical)}、きおい (kioi, 競)^{←きほひ (kifofi, 競, historical)}、きおい (kioi, 競い)^{←きほひ (kifofi, 競ひ, historical)}、きそう (kisou, 競う, Jōyō)^{←きそふ (kisofu, 競ふ, historical)}、きそい (kisoi, 競)^{←きそひ (kisofi, 競, historical)}、きそい (kisoi, 競い)^{←きそひ (kisofi, 競ひ, historical)}、くらべる (kuraberu, 競べる)^{←くらぶ (kurabu, 競ぶ, historical)}、くらべ (kurabe, 競)、くらべ (kurabe, 競べ)、くら (kura, 競)、せる (seru, 競る, Jōyō)、せり (seri, 競)、せり (seri, 競り)

Korean

Hanja

競 (eumhun 다툴 경 (datul gyeong))

hanja form^? of 경 (“competition”)

Compounds

경기 (競技, gyeonggi, “a match”)
경쟁 (競爭, gyeongjaeng, “competition”)

Vietnamese

Han character

競: Hán Nôm readings: cạnh, ganh

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