紀綱

Chinese

		discipline; age; era discipline; age; era; period; order; record	head rope of a fishing net; guiding principle; key link head rope of a fishing net; guiding principle; key link; (taxonomy) class; outline; programme
trad. (紀綱)		紀	綱
simp. (纪纲)		纪	纲
alternative forms		起工
anagram		綱紀／纲纪

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìgāng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄍㄤ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khí-kang / kí-kang

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìgāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄍㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìgang
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴-kang¹
  - Yale: jì-gāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihgang
  - Palladius: цзиган (czigan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí-kang
  - Tâi-lô: khí-kang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qy'kafng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kí-kang
  - Tâi-lô: kí-kang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ky'kafng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ki⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: kiX kang

Rime
Character	紀	綱
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	居里切	古郎切
Baxter	kiX	kang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨ^X/	/kɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨ^X/	/kɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kie^X/	/kɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨ^X/	/kaŋ/
Li Rong	/kiə^X/	/kɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭə^X/	/kɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki^X/	/kɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐ	gāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei²	gong¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)əʔ kˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kɯʔ klaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	紀	綱
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐ	gāng
Middle Chinese	‹ ki^X ›	‹ kang ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)əʔ/	/*kˁaŋ/
English	leading thread	guiding rope of net
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	紀	綱
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5766	3716
Phonetic component	己	岡
Rime group	之	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		岡
Old Chinese	/*kɯʔ/	/*klaːŋ/

Noun

紀綱

(literary) rule; law
(Southern Min) convention; general rule; what is normal

Synonyms

(rule):

例 (lì) (literary, or in compounds)
則度 / 则度 (zédù) (literary)
守則 / 守则 (shǒuzé)
方案 (fāng'àn)
條例 / 条例 (tiáolì)
條規 / 条规 (tiáoguī)
法度 (fǎdù)
程度 (chéngdù) (archaic)
綱目 / 纲目 (gāngmù) (Classical Chinese)
繩墨 / 绳墨 (shéngmò) (figurative)
規 / 规 (literary, or in compounds)
規則 / 规则 (guīzé)
規定 / 规定 (guīdìng)
規條 / 规条 (guītiáo)
規準 / 规准 (guīzhǔn) (literary)
規矩 / 规矩 (guījǔ)

(convention): 常理 (chánglǐ), 常規／常规 (chángguī)

Derived terms