脾
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Translingual
Han character
脾 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月竹田十 (BHWJ), four-corner 76240, composition ⿰⺼卑)
Derived characters
- 𭋐, 𪷗, 𮑎, 簲
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 985, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29579
- Dae Jaweon: page 1438, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2089, character 3
- Unihan data for U+813E
Chinese
| trad. | 脾 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 脾 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (卑) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 捭 | *preːʔ |
| 牌 | *breː, *breː |
| 郫 | *breː, *bre, *be |
| 蠯 | *breː, *be, *breːŋʔ |
| 猈 | *breːʔ, *breː |
| 稗 | *breːs |
| 粺 | *breːs |
| 𥱼 | *breː |
| 豍 | *peː |
| 箄 | *peː, *pe, *peʔ |
| 錍 | *pʰeː, *pe |
| 睥 | *pʰeːs |
| 渒 | *pʰeːs, *pe |
| 鼙 | *beː |
| 鞞 | *beː, *pe, *peʔ, *peːŋʔ |
| 椑 | *beː, *pe, *beɡ, *beːɡ |
| 崥 | *beː, *peʔ |
| 髀 | *beːʔ, *peʔ, *piʔ |
| 卑 | *pe |
| 鵯 | *pe, *pʰiɡ |
| 裨 | *pe, *be |
| 痺 | *pe |
| 碑 | *pre |
| 婢 | *peʔ, *beʔ |
| 諀 | *pʰeʔ |
| 脾 | *be |
| 埤 | *be |
| 陴 | *be |
| 蜱 | *be, *mbew |
| 焷 | *be |
| 螷 | *be, *breːŋʔ |
| 庳 | *beʔ |
| 琕 | *biːŋ |
| 萆 | *beɡ, *slɯʔ |
| 綼 | *biɡ, *peːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *be): semantic ⺼ (“organ”) + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-paj (“spleen”) (STEDT).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): pei4
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): bì
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bi2 / pi2 / pih6
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6bi
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bi2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: pí
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pí
- Wade–Giles: pʻi2
- Yale: pí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyi
- Palladius: пи (pi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: pei4
- Yale: pèih
- Cantonese Pinyin: pei4
- Guangdong Romanization: péi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰei̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pì / phì
- Hakka Romanization System: biˇ / piˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: bi2 / pi2
- Sinological IPA: /pi¹¹/, /pʰi¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: bi / pi
- Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵/, /pʰi⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Note:
- pì - organ;
- phì - “temperament”.
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bi2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bí
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi¹³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: pi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi¹³/
- (Jiangkou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: pih6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰeʔ²¹/
- (Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: pih6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰiʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: pih6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰiʔ²/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
Note:
- bi2 - literary;
- pi2/pih6 - new reading, used in 脾氣.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pî
- Tâi-lô: pî
- Phofsit Daibuun: pii
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi¹³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi²³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /pi²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phî
- Tâi-lô: phî
- Phofsit Daibuun: phii
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰi²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰi¹³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /pʰi²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note: phî - used in 脾氣.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bi5 / pi5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pî / phî
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi⁵⁵/, /pʰi⁵⁵/
- (Teochew)
Note: pi5 - used in 脾氣.
- Middle Chinese: bjie
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[p]e/
- (Zhengzhang): /*be/
Definitions
脾
- (～臟) (traditional Chinese medicine) a functionally defined organ of the digestive system, corresponding largely to the anatomical organ of the pancreas
- (～臟) (Western medicine, anatomy) spleen, milt
- (figurative) disposition; liking; temperament
- (Hokkien) appetite (desire for food or drink)
- 開脾／开脾 [Hokkien] ― khai-pî [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to whet the appetite
Compounds
- 不傷脾胃 / 不伤脾胃
- 使脾氣 / 使脾气
- 古怪脾氣 / 古怪脾气
- 噪脾
- 大發脾氣 / 大发脾气 (dàfā píqì)
- 巢脾
- 巨脾症
- 心脾
- 感人心脾
- 投脾胃
- 暴脾氣 / 暴脾气
- 沁人心脾 (qìnrénxīnpí)
- 沁入心脾
- 沒脾氣 / 没脾气 (méi píqi)
- 灰脾氣 / 灰脾气
- 燥脾
- 牛脾氣 / 牛脾气 (niúpíqi)
- 犯脾氣 / 犯脾气 (fàn píqi)
- 痛入心脾
- 痛澈心脾
- 發脾寒 / 发脾寒
- 發脾氣 / 发脾气 (fā píqi)
- 硬脾氣 / 硬脾气
- 耍脾氣 / 耍脾气 (shuǎ píqi)
- 肝脾
- 脾味
- 脾和
- 脾土 (pî-thó͘) (Min Nan)
- 脾寒
- 脾性 (píxìng)
- 脾憋
- 脾氣 / 脾气
- 脾氣情性 / 脾气情性
- 脾火
- 脾癉 / 脾瘅
- 脾胃 (píwèi)
- 脾腫 / 脾肿
- 脾臟 / 脾脏 (pízàng)
- 脾虛 / 脾虚
- 脾鱉 / 脾鳖
- 軟調脾 / 软调脾
- 醒脾
- 長脾氣 / 长脾气
- 鬧脾氣 / 闹脾气 (nào píqi)
References
- “脾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “脾”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “脾”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 158.
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 脾 – see 髀 (“thigh; thighbone”). (This character is a variant form of 髀). |
Japanese
Kanji
脾
Readings
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [jo̞ko̞ɕi]
Noun
脾 • (yokoshi)
- (anatomy) spleen
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 2, page 35:
- 脾 白虎通云 脾 俾移反 與古之 [...] 土之精也 色黄 [...] 土藏也 [...]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
References
- Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 脾 (MC bjie). Recorded as Middle Korean 비 (pi) (Yale: pi) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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