艱辛
See also: 艰辛
Chinese
| difficult; hard; hardship | 8th heavenly stem; tired | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (艱辛) | 艱 | 辛 | |
| simp. (艰辛) | 艰 | 辛 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jiānxīn
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiansin
- Wade–Giles: chien1-hsin1
- Yale: jyān-syīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianshin
- Palladius: цзяньсинь (czjanʹsinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gaan1 san1
- Yale: gāan sān
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaan1 san1
- Guangdong Romanization: gan1 sen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaːn⁵⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-sin
- Tâi-lô: kan-sin
- Phofsit Daibuun: kansyn
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴⁻³³ sin⁴⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ sin³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian-sin
- Tâi-lô: kian-sin
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiensyn
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Adjective
艱辛
Synonyms
- 不容易 (bùróngyì)
- 勤 (qín) (literary, or in compounds)
- 困難 / 困难
- 疑難 / 疑难 (yínán)
- 硬斗 (Hokkien)
- 硬氣 / 硬气 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
- 硬水 (Hokkien)
- 硬繚 / 硬缭 (Hokkien)
- 硬頭 / 硬头 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 良苦 (liángkǔ) (literary)
- 艱巨 / 艰巨 (jiānjù)
- 艱苦 / 艰苦 (jiānkǔ)
- 艱難 / 艰难 (jiānnán)
- 苦難 / 苦难 (kǔnàn)
- 辛勞 / 辛劳 (xīnláo)
- 辛苦 (xīnkǔ)
- 難 / 难