勤
See also: 懃
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Translingual
Han character
勤 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+11 in Chinese, 力+10 in Japanese, 13 strokes in Chinese, 12 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 廿一大尸 (TMKS), four-corner 44127, composition ⿰堇力 or ⿰𦰌力(J))
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 149, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2415
- Dae Jaweon: page 336, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 378, character 3
- Unihan data for U+52E4
Chinese
Etymology 1
| simp. and trad. |
勤 | |
|---|---|---|
| 2nd round simp. | 𰅉 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡɯn): phonetic 堇 (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”) – to work hard, to be diligent.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): kṳ̀ng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kyng2 / koeng2 / king2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6jin
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qín
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cín
- Wade–Giles: chʻin2
- Yale: chín
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
- Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kan4
- Yale: kàhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: kan4
- Guangdong Romanization: ken4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: kin3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰin²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiùn
- Hakka Romanization System: kiunˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiun2
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯un¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: kiun
- Sinological IPA: /kʰiun⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: kiun2
- Sinological IPA: /kʰiun¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khûn
- Tâi-lô: khûn
- Phofsit Daibuun: quun
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen): /kʰun²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîn
- Tâi-lô: khîn
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiin
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰin²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰin¹³/
- IPA (Yilan, Tainan): /kʰin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîrn
- Tâi-lô: khîrn
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: keng5 / kêng5 / king5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̂ng / khêng / khîng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɯŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰeŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
Note:
- keng5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
- kêng5 - Jieyang;
- king5 - Chaoyang.
- Middle Chinese: gj+n
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ər/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯn/
Definitions
勤
- industrious; diligent; attentive
- (literary, or in compounds) laborious; hard; miserable; exhausting
- (literary, or in compounds) duties; service
- frequent (done or occurring often)
- 勤洗手 ― qín xǐshǒu ― wash hands frequently
- 自從他到法國去了以後,我練習得很勤;我一定可以把他打敗。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1943, Zhu Shenghao, 《漢姆萊脫》 (translation of Hamlet)
- Zìcóng tā dào Fǎguó qù le yǐhòu, wǒ liànxí dé hěn qín; wǒ yīdìng kěyǐ bǎ tā dǎbài. [Pinyin]
- Since he went into France, I haue beene in continuall practice; I shall winne at the oddes.
自从他到法国去了以后,我练习得很勤;我一定可以把他打败。 [MSC, simp.]
- 80th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "laboring" (𝍕)
- a surname
Synonyms
- (laborious):
Compounds
- 倦勤
- 值勤 (zhíqín)
- 克儉克勤 / 克俭克勤
- 克勤克儉 / 克勤克俭 (kèqínkèjiǎn)
- 內勤 / 内勤 (nèiqín)
- 全勤
- 出勤 (chūqín)
- 加二殷勤
- 勤儉 / 勤俭 (qínjiǎn)
- 勤兒 / 勤儿
- 勤力 (qínlì)
- 勤勉 (qínmiǎn)
- 勤務 / 勤务 (qínwù)
- 勤務兵 / 勤务兵 (qínwùbīng)
- 勤務召集 / 勤务召集
- 勤務員 / 勤务员 (qínwùyuán)
- 勤勞 / 勤劳 (qínláo)
- 勤奮 / 勤奋 (qínfèn)
- 勤學 / 勤学
- 勤快 (qínkuài)
- 勤恤
- 勤慎
- 勤懇 / 勤恳 (qínkěn)
- 勤政 (qínzhèng)
- 勤政愛民 / 勤政爱民 (qínzhèng'àimín)
- 勤敏
- 勤有功,戲無益 / 勤有功,戏无益 (qínyǒugōng, xìwúyì)
- 勤王 (qínwáng)
- 勤練 / 勤练
- 勤能補拙 / 勤能补拙 (qínnéngbǔzhuō)
- 勤苦 (qínkǔ)
- 勤行
- 勤謹 / 勤谨
- 勤雜人員 / 勤杂人员
- 地勤 (dìqín)
- 執勤 / 执勤 (zhíqín)
- 外勤 (wàiqín)
- 夜勤 (yèqín)
- 專勤制度 / 专勤制度
- 將勤補拙 / 将勤补拙 (jiāngqínbǔzhuō)
- 後勤 / 后勤 (hòuqín)
- 恩勤
- 懋勤殿
- 打勤勞 / 打勤劳
- 打勤獻趣 / 打勤献趣
- 服勤
- 查勤
- 業精於勤 / 业精于勤
- 業精於勤,荒於嬉 / 业精于勤,荒于嬉 (yè jīng yú qín, huāng yú xī)
- 殷勤 (yīnqín)
- 殷殷勤勤
- 父母恩勤
- 特勤 (tèqín)
- 獻勤 / 献勤
- 獻殷勤 (xiàn yīnqín)
- 矢勤矢勇
- 空勤 (kōngqín)
- 精勤
- 缺勤 (quēqín)
- 考勤 (kǎoqín)
- 耄勤
- 耒耜之勤
- 聯勤總部 / 联勤总部
- 調勤 / 调勤
- 警勤區 / 警勤区
- 警察勤務 / 警察勤务
- 辛勤 (xīnqín)
- 通勤 (tōngqín)
- 通勤圈
- 電子通勤 / 电子通勤
- 顏勤禮碑 / 颜勤礼碑
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 勤 – see 懃. (This character is the simplified form of 懃). |
Notes:
|
References
- “勤”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “勤”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 236.
Japanese
| Shinjitai | 勤 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
勤 勤or 勤+ ︀?
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| 勤󠄁 勤+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 勤󠄃 勤+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji
勤
Readings
- Go-on: ごん (gon, Jōyō †)
- Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
- Kun: つとめる (tsutomeru, 勤める, Jōyō)←つとむ (tutomu, 勤む, historical)、つとまる (tsutomaru, 勤まる, Jōyō)、いそう (isou, 勤う)←いそふ (isofu, 勤ふ, historical)、いそし (isoshi, 勤し)、いそしむ (isoshimu, 勤しむ)、つとめ (tsutome, 勤め)
- Nanori: いそ (iso)、いそし (isoshi)、すすむ (susumu)、つとむ (tsutomu)、とし (toshi)、のり (nori)、ゆき (yuki)
Compounds
Proper noun
勤 • (Tsutomu)
- a male given name
References
- ^ “勤”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
Korean
Hanja
勤 (eumhun 부지런할 근 (bujireonhal geun))
- hanja form? of 근 (“industrious, diligent, attentive”)
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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