慬

慬	U+616C, 慬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-616C

← 慫
[U+616B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

慭 →
[U+616D]

Translingual

Han character

慬 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心廿中一 (PTLM), four-corner 9401₄, composition ⿰忄堇)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 31
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11129
Dae Jaweon: page 739, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2344, character 16
Unihan data for U+616C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		慬

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
囏	*krɯːn
螼	kʰrɯnʔ, kʰrɯns
堇	ɡrɯn, kɯnʔ
墐	ɡrɯn, ɡrɯns
𥎊	*ɡrɯn
僅	*ɡrɯns
瑾	*ɡrɯns
覲	*ɡrɯns
殣	*ɡrɯns
饉	*ɡrɯns
廑	*ɡrɯns
瘽	ɡrɯns, ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏	*ɡrɯns
鄞	ŋɡrɯn, ŋɡɯn
謹	*kɯnʔ
槿	*kɯnʔ
漌	*kɯnʔ
慬	kɯnʔ, ɡɯn
勤	*ɡɯn
懃	*ɡɯn
懄	*ɡɯn

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qín (qin²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kan⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qín
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cín
  - Wade–Giles: chʻin²
  - Yale: chín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
  - Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kan⁴
  - Yale: kàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ken⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐn²¹/

Middle Chinese: gj+n, kj+nX

Rime
Character	慬	慬
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	巨斤切	居隱切
Baxter	gj+n	kj+nX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨn/	/kɨn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨn/	/kɨn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiən/	/kiən^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨn/	/kɨn^X/
Li Rong	/ɡiən/	/kiən^X/
Wang Li	/ɡĭən/	/kĭən^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ən/	/ki̯ən^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín	jǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kan⁴	gan²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ər/

(Zhengzhang): /*kɯnʔ/, /*ɡɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìn
Middle Chinese	‹ gjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ər/
English	courageous
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慬	慬
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6748	6750
Phonetic component	堇	堇
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	謹	勤
Old Chinese	/*kɯnʔ/	/*ɡɯn/

Definitions

慬

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References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B01171

Japanese

Kanji

慬

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): きん (kin)、ごん (gon)、こん (kon)
Kun: かなしむ (kanashimu)

Vietnamese

Han character

慬: Hán Nôm readings: cần

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.