慫

See also: 怂

慫	U+616B, 慫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-616B

← 慪
[U+616A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

慬 →
[U+616C]

Translingual

Han character

慫 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹人心 (HOP), four-corner 2833₈, composition ⿱從心)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 29
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11127
Dae Jaweon: page 739, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2343, character 10
Unihan data for U+616B

Chinese

trad.		慫
simp.		怂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 慫
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (从) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
摐	sʰroːŋ, sʰloŋ
鏦	sʰroːŋ, sʰloŋ
豵	ʔsloːŋ, ʔsloŋ
嵸	ʔsloːŋ, ʔsloːŋʔ
蓯	*ʔsloːŋʔ
蹤	*ʔsloŋ
縱	ʔsloŋ, ʔsloŋs
樅	ʔsloŋ, sʰloŋ
磫	*ʔsloŋ
熧	*ʔsloŋ
瘲	*ʔsloŋs
暰	*sʰloŋ
瑽	*sʰloŋ
從	zloŋ, zloŋ, *zloŋs
从	*zloŋ
慫	*sloŋʔ
聳	*sloŋʔ
傱	*sloŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sloŋʔ): phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology

Probably related to 兇 / 凶 (xiōng, “fear”) (Schuessler, 2007, p. 480).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sǒng (song³)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sung²
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): song²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sǒng
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sǒng
  - Wade–Giles: sung³
  - Yale: sǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: soong
  - Palladius: сун (sun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sung²
  - Yale: súng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sung²
  - Guangdong Romanization: sung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: song²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sóng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /soŋ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: sjowngX

Rime
Character	慫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息拱切
Baxter	sjowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨoŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/sioŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/sioŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/suawŋ^X/
Li Rong	/sioŋ^X/
Wang Li	/sĭwoŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯woŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sung²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sloŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慫
Reading #	1/1
No.	1860
Phonetic component	从
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	悚
Old Chinese	/*sloŋʔ/

Definitions

慫

(obsolete) to be afraid; to be frightened; to be alarmed
used in 慫恿／怂恿 (sǒngyǒng, “to instigate; to incite; to provoke”)

Compounds

慫恿 / 怂恿 (sǒngyǒng)
慫悀 / 怂悀
慫惥 / 怂惥
慫慂 / 怂慂 (sǒngyǒng)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sóng (song²)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sóng
  - Wade–Giles: sung²
  - Yale: súng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sorng
  - Palladius: сун (sun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ³⁵/

Definitions

慫

alternative form of 㞞 / 𪨊 (sóng, “weak; useless”)
你慫了！／你怂了！ ― Nǐ sóng le! ― You are a chicken!

Japanese

Kanji

慫

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): しょう (shō)
Kun: すすめる (susumeru)

Korean

Hanja

慫 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

慫: Hán Nôm readings: túng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.