茉莉

Chinese

	phonetic
trad. (茉莉)	茉	莉
simp. ^#(茉莉)	茉	莉
alternative forms	末利抹利抹麗／抹丽木莉 Hokkien 苜莉 Hokkien

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मालती (mālatī, “a kind of jasmine”) or मल्लिका (mallikā, “a kind of jasmine”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mòlì

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mut⁶ lei^6-2
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ma̍t-li

(Hailu, HRS): mad^ˋ li^˖
Eastern Min (BUC): mĕ̤k^→maĕ̤h-lê / mĕk^→mĕh-lê
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bā-lī / bā-nī / boa̍t-nī / ba̍k-nī / ba̍k-ni / bāng-nī / bāng-mī / bāu-mī

(Teochew, Peng'im): mag⁸ li⁶ / bhag⁸ li⁶ / muag⁸ li⁶
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸meq-li; ⁸moq-li / ⁸meq-li₆

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mòlì → mòli (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ ㄌㄧˋ → ㄇㄛˋ ˙ㄌㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mòli̊
  - Wade–Giles: mo⁴-li⁵
  - Yale: mwò-li
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh.lih
  - Palladius: моли (moli)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/ → /mu̯ɔ⁵¹ li¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mut⁶ lei^6-2
  - Yale: muht léi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mut⁹ lei^6-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: mud⁶ léi^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /muːt̚² lei̯²²⁻³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ma̍t-li
  - Hakka Romanization System: mad li
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mad⁶ li⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /mat̚⁵ li⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: mad^ˋ li^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /mat² li³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mĕ̤k^→maĕ̤h-lê / mĕk^→mĕh-lê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /møyʔ⁵⁻²¹ l̃ɛi²⁴²/, /mɛiʔ⁵⁻²¹ l̃ɛi²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bā-lī
  - Tâi-lô: bā-lī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: baxli
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ba⁴¹⁻²² li⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bā-nī
  - Tâi-lô: bā-nī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: baxni
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ba²²⁻²¹ nĩ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boa̍t-nī
  - Tâi-lô: bua̍t-nī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boadni
  - IPA (Xiamen): /buat̚⁴⁻³² nĩ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ba̍k-nī
  - Tâi-lô: ba̍k-nī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bagni
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ba̍k-ni
  - Tâi-lô: ba̍k-ni
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bagny
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bāng-nī
  - Tâi-lô: bāng-nī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: baxngni
  - IPA (Taipei): /baŋ³³⁻¹¹ nĩ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /baŋ³³⁻²¹ nĩ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /baŋ²²⁻²¹ nĩ²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bāng-mī
  - Tâi-lô: bāng-mī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: baxngmi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /baŋ²²⁻²¹ mĩ²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bāu-mī
  - Tâi-lô: bāu-mī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bauxmi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bau²²⁻²¹ mĩ²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mag⁸ li⁶ / bhag⁸ li⁶ / muag⁸ li⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ma̍k lĭ / ba̍k lĭ / mua̍k lĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mak̚⁴⁻² li³⁵/, /bak̚⁴⁻² li³⁵/, /muak̚⁴⁻² li³⁵/

Note:

mag8 li6 - Chaozhou;
bhag8 li6 - Chaozhou (historical);
muag8 li6 - Chaoyang, Chenghai, Huilai, Jieyang, Puning, Raoping, Shantou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸meq-li; ⁸moq-li
  - MiniDict: meh^入 li; moh^入 li
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵meq-li; ⁵moq-li
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /məʔ¹¹ li²³/, /moʔ¹¹ li²³/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁸meq-li₆
  - MiniDict: meh^入 li^去
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /məʔ²² li⁵²³/

Middle Chinese: mat lej

Rime
Character	茉	莉
Reading #	1/1	3/3
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	末 (64)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	莫撥切	郎奚切
Baxter	mat	lej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑt̚/	/lei/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɑt̚/	/lei/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑt̚/	/lɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwat̚/	/lɛj/
Li Rong	/muɑt̚/	/lei/
Wang Li	/muɑt̚/	/liei/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muɑt̚/	/liei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò	lí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mut⁶	lai⁴

Noun

茉莉

Arabian jasmine (Jasminum sambac)
(in compounds) a plant with jasmine-like flowers
紫茉莉 ― zǐmòlì ― four o'clock flower

鴛鴦茉莉／鸳鸯茉莉 ― yuānyāngmòlì ― brunfelsia

Derived terms

紫茉莉 (zǐmòlì)
茉莉花 (mòlìhuā)
茉莉酸 (mòlìsuān)
茉莉香米 (mòlì xiāngmǐ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (茉莉):

→ Japanese: 茉(まつ)莉(り) (matsuri)
→ Korean: 말리(茉莉) (malli)
→ Vietnamese: mạt lị (茉莉)

References

Peyraube, Alain. "Ancient Chinese." The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages. Ed. Roger D. Woodard. Cambridge UP, 2004. 1012.
Duffus, William (1883) “jasmine”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 157

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
茉	莉
まつ Jinmeiyō	り Jinmeiyō
goon	kan'yōon

From Middle Chinese 茉莉 (MC mat lej), from Sanskrit मालती (mālatī) or मल्लिका (mallikā).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) まつり [máꜜtsùrì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ma̠t͡sɨɾʲi]

Noun

茉(まつ)莉(り) or 茉莉(マツリ) • (matsuri)

synonym of 茉莉花 (matsurika, “Arabian jasmine, Jasminum sambac”)
(more generally) any plant of the genus Jasminum

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as マツリ (matsuri).

Synonyms

ジャスミン (jasumin)

Derived terms

茉莉花(まつりか) (matsurika, “jasmine flower”)
茉莉園(まつりえん) (matsurien, “jasmine garden”)
茉莉油(まつりゆ) (matsuriyu, “jasmine oil”)
茉莉茶(まつりちゃ) (matsuricha, “jasmine tea”)
茉莉花茶(まつりかちゃ) (matsurikacha, “jasmine tea”)
瑠璃茉莉(るりまつり) (rurimatsuri)

Proper noun

茉(まつ)莉(り) • (Matsuri)

(rare) a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
茉	莉
まつ > ま Jinmeiyō (ateji)	り Jinmeiyō (ateji)
irregular	kan'yōon

Borrowed from English Mary. The kanji spelling is an example of phonetic ateji (当て字).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ma̠ɾʲi]

Proper noun

茉(ま)莉(り) or 茉莉(マリ) • (Mari)

a female given name from English

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
茉	莉
まつ > ま Jinmeiyō (ateji)	り > りい Jinmeiyō (ateji)
irregular

Borrowed from English Marie. The kanji spelling is an example of phonetic ateji (当て字).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ma̠ɾʲiː]

Proper noun

茉(ま)莉(りい) or 茉莉(マリー) • (Marī)

(rare) a female given name from English

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
茉	莉
じゃすみん
Jinmeiyō	Jinmeiyō
jukujikun

Kanji in this term
茉	莉
じゃずみん
Jinmeiyō	Jinmeiyō
jukujikun

Borrowed from English Jasmine. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d͡ʑa̠sɨmʲĩɴ]

IPA^(key): [d͡ʑa̠zɨmʲĩɴ]

Proper noun

茉莉(じゃすみん) or 茉莉(ジャスミン) or 茉莉(じゃずみん) or 茉莉(ジャズミン) • (Jasumin or Jazumin)

(rare) a female given name from English

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-2] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]