菅

菅	U+83C5, 菅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83C5

← 菄
[U+83C4]

CJK Unified Ideographs

菆 →
[U+83C6]

Translingual

Han character

菅 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿十口口 (TJRR), four-corner 4477₇, composition ⿱艹官)

coarse grass, Themeda forskalii

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1036, character 51
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31142
Dae Jaweon: page 1495, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3240, character 10
Unihan data for U+83C5

Chinese

trad.		菅
simp. ^#		菅

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (官) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
官	*koːn
棺	koːn, koːns
倌	koːn, kroːns
悹	koːn, koːnʔ, *koːns
涫	koːn, koːns
管	*koːnʔ
琯	koːnʔ, kuːns
痯	koːnʔ, koːns
輨	*koːnʔ
錧	koːnʔ, koːns
館	koːnʔ, koːns
婠	koːns, qoːn, *qruːd
悺	*koːns
逭	*ɡoːns
菅	*kroːn
綰	qroːnʔ, qroːns
捾	*qoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kroːn): semantic 艹 + phonetic 官 (OC *koːn) – a type of grass.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiān (jian¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan¹
Eastern Min (BUC): găng / guāng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kan / koaⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jian
  - Wade–Giles: chien¹
  - Yale: jyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gaan¹
  - Yale: gāan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːn⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: găng / guāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/, /kuaŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan / koaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kan / kuann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafn, kvoaf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kan⁴⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³/, /kuã³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kan⁴⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴/

Note:

kan - literary;
koaⁿ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gang¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: kaen

Rime
Character	菅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古顔切
Baxter	kaen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠan/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨn/
Li Rong	/kan/
Wang Li	/kan/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaan¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kroːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菅
Reading #	1/1
No.	4457
Phonetic component	官
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	姦
Old Chinese	/*kroːn/

Definitions

菅

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a variety of grass (clarification of this definition is needed)
a surname

Compounds

草菅 (cǎojiān)
草菅人命 (cǎojiānrénmìng)
菅屨 / 菅屦

Japanese

Kanji

菅

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: けん (ken)^{←けん (ken, historical)}^{←くゑん (kwen, ancient)}
Kan-on: かん (kan)^{←くわん (kwan, historical)}
Kun: すげ (suge, 菅)、すが (suga, 菅)
Nanori: す (su)、すご (sugo)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
菅
すげ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

⟨suɡe₂⟩ → */suɡəɨ/ → /suɡe/

From Old Japanese.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) すげ [sùgé] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [sɨɡe̞]

Noun

菅(すげ) or 菅(スゲ) • (suge)

a sedge

Derived terms

菅掻(すががき) (sugagaki)
菅笠(すげがさ) (sugegasa)
菅蓑(すげみの) (sugemino)
畦菅(アゼスゲ) (azesuge)
岩(いわ)根(ね)菅(すげ) (iwane suge)
河原(カワラ)菅(スゲ) (kawara suge)
寒菅(カンスゲ) (kansuge)
猩々菅(ショウジョウスゲ) (shōjō suge)
岳菅(ダケスゲ) (dakesuge)
菜(ナ)切(キリ)菅(スゲ) (nakirisuge)
鳴子菅(ナルコスゲ) (naruko suge)
浜菅(ハマスゲ) (hama suge)
針菅(ハリスゲ) (harisuge)
髭菅(ヒゲスゲ) (higesuge)
山菅(やますげ) (yamasuge)
夕菅(ユウスゲ) (yūsuge)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
菅
すが Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

The bound apophonic form of suge above.

Noun

菅(すが) • (suga)

(rare or in compounds) a sedge

Derived terms

菅凧(すがだこ) (sugadako)
菅(すが)貫(ぬ)く (suganuku)
菅蓑(すがみの) (sugamino)
菅原(すがはら) (Sugahara)
菅(すが)藻(も) (sugamo)
菅原(すがわら) (Sugawara)
然菅(しかすが) (Shikasuga)

Proper noun

菅(すが) • (Suga)

a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
菅
かん Jinmeiyō
kan'on

/kʷan/ → /kan/

From Middle Chinese 菅 (MC kaen).

Affix

菅(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)^?}

a variety of grass
Sugawara no Michizane

Derived terms

菅(かん)家(け) (Kanke)
菅公(かんこう) (Kankō)
菅茅(かんぼう) (kanbō)

Proper noun

菅(かん) • (Kan) ^{←くわん (Kwan)^?}

a surname

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

菅 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Japanese

Etymology

Noun

菅 (suge₂) (kana すげ)

a sedge
- 711–712, Kojiki, poem 65:
  夜多能比登母登須宜波古母多受多知迦阿那牟阿多良須賀波良許登袁許曾須宜波良登伊波米阿多良須賀志賣
  Yata no₂ pi₁to₂mo₂to₂ suge₂ pa ko₁ mo₂tazu tati ka arenamu atara sugapara ko₂to₂ wo ko₂so₂ suge₂para to₂ ipame₂ atara sugasime₁
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

菅笠 (sugakasa)
菅の根 (suge₂ no₂ ne)
菅原 (sugapara, suge₂para)
菅藻 (sugamo)
有馬菅 (Arima suge₂)
石穂菅 (ipaposuge₂)
三島菅 (Mi₁sima suge₂)
山菅 (yamasuga, yamasuge₂)

Descendants

Japanese: 菅 (suge)

Vietnamese

Han character

菅: Hán Nôm readings: gian

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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