行軍

See also: 行军

Chinese

		to go; to do; capable to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behaviour; conduct; a row; profession; professional	army; military; arms
trad. (行軍)		行	軍
simp. (行军)		行	军

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xíngjūn

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄩㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haang⁴ gwan¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hêng-kun

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xíngjūn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄩㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: síngjyun
  - Wade–Giles: hsing²-chün¹
  - Yale: syíng-jyūn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngjiun
  - Palladius: синцзюнь (sinczjunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: haang⁴ gwan¹
  - Yale: hàahng gwān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haang⁴ gwan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hang⁴ guen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːŋ²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-kun
  - Tâi-lô: hîng-kun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hengkwn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kun³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² kun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: haeng kjun

Rime
Character	行	軍
Reading #	2/4	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	戸庚切	舉云切
Baxter	haeng	kjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠæŋ/	/kɨun/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚaŋ/	/kiun/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣaŋ/	/kiuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨjŋ/	/kun/
Li Rong	/ɣɐŋ/	/kiuən/
Wang Li	/ɣɐŋ/	/kĭuən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɐŋ/	/ki̯uən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	héng	jūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang⁴	gwan¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤraŋ [k]ʷər/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːŋ kun/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	行	軍
Reading #	2/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xíng	jūn
Middle Chinese	‹ hæng ›	‹ kjun ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁraŋ/	/*[k]ʷər/
English	walk (v.)	army; camp
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	行	軍
Reading #	3/4	1/1
No.	13867	7333
Phonetic component	行	軍
Rime group	陽	文
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	行	君
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːŋ/	/*kun/

Verb

行軍

to march (to walk with long, regular strides, as a soldier does)
(literary) to make use of troops; to resort to arms
- 不知山林、險阻、沮澤之形者，不能行軍。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者，不能行军。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: The Art of War, circa 5^th century BCE, translated based on Lionel Giles's version
  Bùzhī shānlín, xiǎnzǔ, jùzé zhī xíng zhě, bùnéng xíngjūn. [Pinyin]
  We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country - its mountains and forests, its pitfalls and precipices, its marshes and swamps.

Synonyms

(to make use of troops): 用兵 (yòngbīng)

Derived terms

夜行軍 / 夜行军
常行軍 / 常行军 (chángxíngjūn)
強行軍 / 强行军 (qiángxíngjūn)
急行軍 / 急行军 (jíxíngjūn)
行軍動眾 / 行军动众
行軍床 / 行军床
行軍教授 / 行军教授 (xíngjūn jiàoshòu)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (行軍):

→ Japanese: 行軍(こうぐん) (kōgun)
→ Korean: 행군(行軍) (haenggun)
→ Vietnamese: hành quân (行軍)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
行	軍
こう Grade: 2	ぐん Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こーぐん [kòógúń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːɡɯ̟̃ɴ]

Noun

行(こう)軍(ぐん) • (kōgun) ^{←かうぐん (kaugun)^?}

march (formal, rhythmic way of walking)

Verb

行(こう)軍(ぐん)する • (kōgun suru) ^{←かうぐん (kaugun)^?}intransitive suru (stem 行(こう)軍(ぐん)し (kōgun shi), past 行(こう)軍(ぐん)した (kōgun shita))

for an army to march

Conjugation

Conjugation of "行軍する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	行軍し	こうぐんし	kōgun shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	行軍し	こうぐんし	kōgun shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	行軍する	こうぐんする	kōgun suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	行軍する	こうぐんする	kōgun suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	行軍すれ	こうぐんすれ	kōgun sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	行軍せよ¹ 行軍しろ²	こうぐんせよ¹ こうぐんしろ²	kōgun seyo¹ kōgun shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	行軍される	こうぐんされる	kōgun sareru
Causative	行軍させる行軍さす	こうぐんさせるこうぐんさす	kōgun saseru kōgun sasu
Potential	行軍できる	こうぐんできる	kōgun dekiru
Volitional	行軍しよう	こうぐんしよう	kōgun shiyō
Negative	行軍しない	こうぐんしない	kōgun shinai
Negative continuative	行軍せず	こうぐんせず	kōgun sezu
Formal	行軍します	こうぐんします	kōgun shimasu
Perfective	行軍した	こうぐんした	kōgun shita
Conjunctive	行軍して	こうぐんして	kōgun shite
Hypothetical conditional	行軍すれば	こうぐんすれば	kōgun sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
行	軍

Noun

行軍 • (haenggun) (hangeul 행군)

hanja form^? of 행군

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
行	軍

Verb

行軍

chữ Hán form of hành quân (“to march; to operate”)