親愛

See also: 亲爱

Chinese

		dear; intimate; parent dear; intimate; parent; relation; closely related; parents-in-law of one's offspring	to love; affection; to be fond of to love; affection; to be fond of; to like
trad. (親愛)		親	愛
simp. (亲爱)		亲	爱

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): qīn'ài

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣㄞˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щинэ (xine, II-III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): can¹ oi³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhîn-oi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhin-ài

(Teochew, Peng'im): cing¹ ain³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qīn'ài
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cin-ài
  - Wade–Giles: chʻin¹-ai⁴
  - Yale: chīn-ài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinay
  - Palladius: циньай (cinʹaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щинэ (xine, II-III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ⁵¹ ɛ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: can¹ oi³
  - Yale: chān oi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsan¹ oi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: cen¹ oi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ ɔːi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn-oi
  - Hakka Romanization System: qin^ˊ oi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qin¹ oi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ oi̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhin-ài
  - Tâi-lô: tshin-ài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chin'aix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² ai²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰin³³ ai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² ai²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ ai¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ ai²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cing¹ ain³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshing àiⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ ãĩ²¹³/

Adjective

親愛

beloved; cherished; dear (as used to address someone at the beginning of a letter)
親愛的小孩／亲爱的小孩 ― qīn'ài de xiǎohái ― beloved child

親愛的史密斯先生 [MSC, trad.]
亲爱的史密斯先生 [MSC, simp.]
qīn'ài de Shǐmìsī xiānshēng [Pinyin]
Dear Mr. Smith

永別了，我親愛的朋友們！ [MSC, trad.]
永别了，我亲爱的朋友们！ [MSC, simp.]
Yǒngbié le, wǒ qīn'ài de péngyǒumen! [Pinyin]
Goodbye, my dear friends!

Synonyms

心愛 / 心爱 (xīn'ài)
敬愛 / 敬爱 (jìng'ài)

Derived terms

親愛的 / 亲爱的 (qīn'ài de)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
親	愛
しん Grade: 2	あい Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しんあい [shìń'áí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕĩɰ̃a̠i]

Noun

親(しん)愛(あい) • (shin'ai)

deep affection

Usage notes

May be used in the form 親愛なる to mean dear….
親愛(しんあい)なる旧友(きゅうゆう)
shin'ai naru kyūyū
dear old friend

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
親	愛

Noun

親愛 • (chinae) (hangeul 친애)

hanja form^? of 친애 (“deep affection”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
親	愛

Adjective

親愛

chữ Hán form of thân ái (“affectionate; dear”)