赫然

Chinese

		distinguished; awe-inspiring	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (赫然)		赫	然
simp. ^#(赫然)		赫	然

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hèrán

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ ㄖㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haak¹ jin⁴ / hak¹ jin⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hek-jiân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hèrán
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ ㄖㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hèrán
  - Wade–Giles: ho⁴-jan²
  - Yale: hè-rán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hehran
  - Palladius: хэжань (xɛžanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: haak¹ jin⁴ / hak¹ jin⁴
  - Yale: hāak yìhn / hāk yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haak⁷ jin⁴ / hak⁷ jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hag¹ yin⁴ / heg¹ yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːk̚⁵ jiːn²¹/, /hɐk̚⁵ jiːn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hek-jiân
  - Tâi-lô: hik-jiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hekjieen
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ d͡ziɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪk̚⁵⁻²⁴ d͡ziɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ d͡ziɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ d͡ziɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ziɛn²³/

Middle Chinese: xaek nyen

Rime
Character	赫	然
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	呼格切	如延切
Baxter	xaek	nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠæk̚/	/ȵiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚak̚/	/ȵiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/xak̚/	/ȵʑjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haɨjk̚/	/ȵian/
Li Rong	/xɐk̚/	/ȵiɛn/
Wang Li	/xɐk̚/	/ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xɐk̚/	/ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	he	rán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hak¹	jin⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤrak [n]a[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰraːɡ njen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	赫	然
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hè	rán
Middle Chinese	‹ xaek ›	‹ nyen ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁrak/	/*[n]a[n]/
English	red, fiery	so, thus; (adv suffix)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	赫	然
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1474	10756
Phonetic component	赤	肰
Rime group	鐸	元
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	赫	然
Old Chinese	/*qʰraːɡ/	/*njen/

Adjective

赫然

(literary) unexpected and shocking
(literary) terribly angry

Adverb

赫然

(literary, of fire) brightly; ablaze; with gleaming light
- 火光赫然屬天，有頃不見。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  火光赫然属天，有顷不见。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5^th century CE
  Huǒguāng hèrán zhǔ tiān, yǒuqǐng bùxiàn. [Pinyin]
  A fire lit brightly, as if reaching heaven, and shortly disappeared.
(literary) shockingly; to one's horror; horribly
- 趙盾就而視之，則赫然死人也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  赵盾就而视之，则赫然死人也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE
  Zhào Dùn jiù ér shì zhī, zé hèrán sǐrén yě. [Pinyin]
  Zhao Dun came close and took a look, and to his horror, it was a dead body.
(literary) with great vehemence; furiously
- 陳王赫然奮爪牙為天下首事。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  陈王赫然奋爪牙为天下首事。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: p. 73 BCE, Huan Kuan (桓寬) (editor). Discourses on Salt and Iron (《鹽鐵論》).
  Chénwáng hèrán fèn zhǎoyá wéi tiānxià shǒushì. [Pinyin]
  King Chen, with great vehemence, unleashed his armed men and arose to the world's greatest emergency.

Derived terms

赫然有聲 / 赫然有声