赫

赫	U+8D6B, 赫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8D6B

← 赪
[U+8D6A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

赬 →
[U+8D6C]

Translingual

Han character

赫 (Kangxi radical 155, 赤+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土金土中金 (GCGLC), four-corner 4433₁, composition ⿰赤赤)

Derived characters

嚇, 懗, 𢷓, 㬨, 爀, 𥋿, 𮜜

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1214, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37010
Dae Jaweon: page 1682, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3508, character 4
Unihan data for U+8D6B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		赫

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 赫
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (赤) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
浾	*sqraː
嚇	qʰraːɡs, qʰraːɡ
赦	*hljaɡs
郝	qʰljaɡ, kʰljaɡ, *hljaɡ
赫	*qʰraːɡ
爀	*qʰraːɡ
赤	*kʰljaɡ
烾	*kʰljaɡ
螫	*qʰjaːɡ
赥	*qʰleːɡ
捇	*qʰʷreːɡ
焃	*qʰʷreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰraːɡ): Duplication of 赤 (“red”), with 赤 (OC *kʰljaɡ) acting as the phonetic component.

Etymology 1

Related to 赤 (OC *kʰljaɡ) and 奭 (OC *hjaɡ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hè (he⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haak¹ / hak¹
Northern Min (KCR): hă̤
Eastern Min (BUC): háik
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): heh⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hek / hiak / herk

(Teochew, Peng'im): hêh⁴ / hênh⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷haq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hè
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hè
  - Wade–Giles: ho⁴
  - Yale: hè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
  - Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: haak¹ / hak¹
  - Yale: hāak / hāk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haak⁷ / hak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: hag¹ / heg¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːk̚⁵/, /hɐk̚⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hă̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɛ²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: háik
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haiʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: heh⁶
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: heh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: heh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Anxi)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hek
  - Tâi-lô: hik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: heg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiak
  - Tâi-lô: hiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Nan'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: herk
  - Tâi-lô: herk
  - IPA (Nan'an): /hək̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hêh⁴ / hênh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: heh / hehⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /heʔ²/, /hẽʔ²/

Note:

hêh4 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
hênh4 - Jieyang.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷haq
  - MiniDict: hah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴haq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /haʔ⁵⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 赫
Mandarin	Beijing	/xɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/xɤ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/xɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/xə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/xə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/xei²¹/
	Xining	/xɨ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xa¹³/ /xɯ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/xə⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/xɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/xɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/xe³¹/
	Guiyang	/xɛ²¹/
	Kunming	/xə³¹/
	Nanjing	/xəʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/xɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/xʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/xaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/haʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/həʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/hɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ha²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/xɛʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/xə²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/hæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/hak̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hak̚⁵/
	Nanning	/hak̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/hak̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hiɑʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/heʔ²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hek̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: xaek

Rime
Character	赫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	呼格切
Baxter	xaek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/xɐk̚/
Wang Li	/xɐk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	he
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤrak/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰraːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	赫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hè
Middle Chinese	‹ xaek ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁrak/
English	red, fiery
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	赫
Reading #	1/1
No.	1474
Phonetic component	赤
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*qʰraːɡ/

Definitions

赫

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) bright red
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) bright; luminous
distinguished; eminent; glorious; awe-inspiring
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to display; to show off
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 嚇 / 吓 (hè, “to frighten”)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) angrily; furiously
(physics) short for 赫茲／赫兹 (Hèzī, “hertz”)
a surname
Used in transcription.
赫爾辛基／赫尔辛基 ― Hè'ěrxīnjī ― Helsinki

赫魯曉夫／赫鲁晓夫 ― Hèlǔxiǎofū ― Khrushchev

赫耳墨斯 ― Hè'ěrmòsī ― Hermes

Compounds

兆赫 (zhàohè)
千赫
史文赫丁
喧赫
塔納赫 / 塔纳赫 (Tǎnàhè)
巴赫 (Bāhè)
巴達赫尚 / 巴达赫尚 (Bādáhèshàng)
憚赫 / 惮赫
暵赫
曼赫頓 / 曼赫顿
烜赫
烜赫一時 / 烜赫一时
煥赫 / 焕赫
燻赫 / 熏赫
翕赫
聲勢赫赫 / 声势赫赫
薰赫
衣冠赫奕
赫丘利斯
赫吒
赫哲族 (Hèzhézú)
赫塞
赫奕
赫德
赫戲 / 赫戏
赫斯之威
赫斯之怒
赫斯特 (Hèsītè)
赫曦
赫本頭 / 赫本头
赫柏定律
赫然 (hèrán)
赫然有聲 / 赫然有声
赫爾辛基 / 赫尔辛基 (Hè'ěrxīnjī)
赫羲
赫胥氏
赫胥黎 (Hèxūlí)
赫茲 / 赫兹 (Hèzī)
赫赫 (hèhè)
赫赫之光
赫赫之功
赫赫之名
赫赫名流
赫赫揚揚 / 赫赫扬扬
赫赫有名 (hèhèyǒumíng)
赫赫炎炎
赫蹄
赫魯雪夫 / 赫鲁雪夫 (Hèlǔxuěfū)
輝赫 / 辉赫
門庭赫奕 / 门庭赫奕
雄雄赫赫
顯赫 / 显赫 (xiǎnhè)
馬赫 / 马赫 (Mǎhè)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): niah

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niah
  - Tâi-lô: niah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: niaq
  - IPA (Xiamen): /niãʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /niãʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /niãʔ³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /niãʔ³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /niãʔ³²/

Definitions

赫

(Southern Min) to be frightened

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 赫 – see 遐 (“(Min Nan) so; that”). (This character is a variant form of 遐).

References

“赫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “赫”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 88.

Japanese

Kanji

赫

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: きゃく (kyaku)
Kan-on: かく (kaku)
Kun: あかい (akai, 赫い)、かがやく (kagayaku, 赫く)

Korean

Hanja

赫 • (hyeok) (hangeul 혁, revised hyeok, McCune–Reischauer hyŏk, Yale hyek)

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Vietnamese

Han character

赫: Hán Nôm readings: hách, hích

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