長子

See also: 长子

Chinese

Etymology 1

	eldest; firstborn	son; child
trad. (長子)	長	子
simp. (长子)	长	子
anagram	子長／子长

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhǎngzǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ ㄗˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng² zi²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chóng-chṳ́
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dyorng³ zo³ / dyoeng³ zo³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tióng-chú / tióng-chír / tiáng-chú

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎngzǐ [Phonetic: zhángzǐ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ ㄗˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎngzǐh
  - Wade–Giles: chang³-tzŭ³
  - Yale: jǎng-dž
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaangtzyy
  - Palladius: чжанцзы (čžanczy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    長姊 / 长姊
    長子 / 长子
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zoeng² zi²
  - Yale: jéung jí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng² dzi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêng² ji²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    長姊 / 长姊
    長子 / 长子
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chóng-chṳ́
  - Hakka Romanization System: zong^ˋ zii^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zong³ zi³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dyorng³ zo³ [Phonetic: dyorng⁵ no³]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: diô̤ng-ceô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ^(t͡s-)no⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dyoeng³ zo³ [Phonetic: dyoeng⁵ no³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyøŋ³³²⁻²¹ ^(t͡s-)no³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tióng-chú
  - Tâi-lô: tióng-tsú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diofngzuo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tióng-chír
  - Tâi-lô: tióng-tsír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiáng-chú
  - Tâi-lô: tiáng-tsú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diafngzuo
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

Middle Chinese: trjangX tsiX

Rime
Character	長	子
Reading #	2/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	知丈切	即里切
Baxter	trjangX	tsiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨɐŋ^X/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɐŋ^X/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiɑŋ^X/	/t͡sie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈɨaŋ^X/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ȶiaŋ^X/	/t͡siə^X/
Wang Li	/ȶĭaŋ^X/	/t͡sĭə^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯aŋ^X/	/t͡si^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǎng	zǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoeng²	zi²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*traŋʔ tsəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*taŋʔ ʔslɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	長	子
Reading #	2/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǎng	zǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ trjang^X ›	‹ tsi^X ›
Old Chinese	/*traŋʔ/	/*tsəʔ/
English	grow; elder	child; gentleman, master
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	長	子
Reading #	1/3	1/1
No.	1263	17857
Phonetic component	長	子
Rime group	陽	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	長	子
Old Chinese	/*taŋʔ/	/*ʔslɯʔ/

Noun

長子

eldest son
(rare) eldest child

Synonyms

(eldest son):

Dialectal synonyms of 長子 (“eldest son”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		長子, 長男, 家督
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		長子, 長男
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	大兒子
	Harbin	大兒子
	Singapore	大兒子
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	大兒, 大兒子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	大兒郎
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	大兒子
	Wanrong	大娃
	Xi'an	大兒
	Xining	大尕娃
	Xuzhou	大兒子, 大兒
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	大兒子
	Lanzhou	大兒子
	Ürümqi	大兒子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	大兒子, 大兒
	Wuhan	大兒子
	Guiyang	大兒子
	Liuzhou	大崽
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	大兒子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	大兒子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	大仔, 頭長仔
	Hong Kong	大仔
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	大仔
	Macau	大仔
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	大仔
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	大仔
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	大仔
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	大仔
	Foshan	大仔
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	大仔
	Foshan (Shunde)	大仔
	Foshan (Sanshui)	大仔
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	大仔
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	大仔
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	大仔
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	大仔
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	大仔
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	大仔
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	大仔
	Taishan	大仔
	Kaiping (Chikan)	大仔
	Enping (Niujiang)	大仔
	Heshan (Yayao)	大仔
	Dongguan	大仔
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	大仔
	Singapore (Guangfu)	大仔
Gan	Nanchang	大崽
	Lichuan	大崽
	Pingxiang	大崽, 大倈, 大倈牯
Hakka	Meixian	大倈仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	長頭仔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	大倈
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	大倈子
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	大倈子
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	大仔
	Yudu	大子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	大倈仔, 大漢個, 大貨仔, 長子
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	長子
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	大倈仔, 大漢個, 大貨仔, 長子
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	長子
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	長子
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	大後生
Huizhou	Jixi	大兒子, 長子
Jin	Taiyuan	大小子
Jin	Xinzhou	大兒, 大小子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	大囝
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	大囝
Southern Min	Xiamen	大囝, 大後生, 大漢囝, 大漢後生
	Quanzhou	大囝, 大後生, 大漢囝, 大漢後生
	Zhangzhou	大囝, 大後生, 大漢囝, 大漢後生
	Tainan	大囝, 大漢囝, 大漢後生
	Penang (Hokkien)	序大後生
	Singapore (Hokkien)	大囝, 大漢囝
	Manila (Hokkien)	大漢囝, 序大後生
	Shantou	大囝
	Singapore (Teochew)	大囝
	Leizhou	大囝
	Haikou	大囝
Puxian Min	Putian	長囝, 大囝, 長子
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	大囝
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	大囝
	Xianyou	大囝, 長子
	Xianyou (Fengting)	大囝
	Xianyou (Youyang)	大囝
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	大囝
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	大崽
Wu	Shanghai	大兒子
	Shanghai (Chongming)	大兒子
	Suzhou	大兒子
	Danyang	大兒子, 大鬼
	Hangzhou	大兒子, 當大兒
	Ningbo	大兒子, 當大兒子
	Wenzhou	當大兒
	Jinhua	大兒
Xiang	Changsha	大崽
Xiang	Loudi	大崽

Derived terms

嫡長子 / 嫡长子 (dízhǎngzǐ)
長子得 / 长子得

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (長子):

→ Japanese: 長(ちょう)子(し) (chōshi)
→ Korean: 장자(長子) (jangja)
→ Vietnamese: trưởng tử (長子)

Etymology 2

	long; length; forever long; length; forever; always; constantly; chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop	child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight
trad. (長子)	長	子
simp. (长子)	长	子
anagram	子長／子长

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Zhǎngzǐ, Chángzǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ ㄗˇ, ㄔㄤˊ ㄗˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Zhǎngzǐ [Phonetic: zhángzǐ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ ㄗˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Jhǎngzǐh
  - Wade–Giles: Chang³-tzŭ³
  - Yale: Jǎng-dž
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jaangtzyy
  - Palladius: Чжанцзы (Čžanczy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    長姊 / 长姊
    長子 / 长子
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Chángzǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ ㄗˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Chángzǐh
  - Wade–Giles: Chʻang²-tzŭ³
  - Yale: Cháng-dž
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Charngtzyy
  - Palladius: Чанцзы (Čanczy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Proper noun

長子

(～縣) Zhangzi (a county of Changzhi, Shanxi, China)

Descendants

→ English: Ch'ang-tzu, Zhangzi

Etymology 3

	long; tall	diminutive suffix
trad. (長子)	長	子
simp. (长子)	长	子
anagram	子長／子长

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chángzi

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ ˙ㄗ
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhan² zr

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chángzi
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ ˙ㄗ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chángzi̊h
  - Wade–Giles: chʻang²-tzŭ⁵
  - Yale: cháng-dz
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charng.tzy
  - Palladius: чанцзы (čanczy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    場子 / 场子
    腸子 / 肠子
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zhan² zr
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂan¹³ t͡sz̩³/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡san¹³ t͡sz̩³/

Noun

長子

tall person

Synonyms

(Xiang) 高子

References

莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “长子”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 181.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
長	子
ちょう Grade: 2	し Grade: 1
on'yomi

Etymology

Compound of 長 (“long; elder”) +‎ 子 (“child”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːɕi]

Noun

長(ちょう)子(し) • (chōshi)

eldest son; firstborn son
(rare) eldest child

Korean

Hanja in this term
長	子

Noun

長子 • (jangja) (hangeul 장자)

hanja form^? of 장자 (“eldest son”)

	son	daughter	child (rare)
one's first	長(ちょう)男(なん) (chōnan), 一(いち)男(なん) (ichinan), 長(ちょう)子(し) (chōshi)	長(ちょう)女(じょ) (chōjo), 一(いち)女(じょ) (ichijo)	長(ちょう)子(し) (chōshi)
one's second	次(じ)男(なん) (jinan), 二(じ)男(なん) (jinan), 次(じ)子(し) (jishi)	次(じ)女(じょ) (jijo), 二(じ)女(じょ) (jijo)	次(じ)子(し) (jishi)
one's third	三(さん)男(なん) (sannan)	三(さん)女(じょ) (sanjo)	-