静める
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 静 |
| しず Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 靜める (kyūjitai) 鎮める |
Etymology
From 静 (shizu, bound morpheme indicating “quietness” or “calmness”). Cognate with the shizu in 静か (shizuka, “quiet; calm; still”) and 沈む (shizumu, “to sink; to set (such as the sun or moon); to become depressed”).[1][2] This shizu might also be related to 下 (shita, “down; below”).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) しずめる [shìzúméꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][3][4]
- (Tokyo) しずめる [shìzúmérú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
- IPA(key): [ɕizɨme̞ɾɯ̟]
Verb
静める • (shizumeru) ←しづめる (sidumeru)?transitive ichidan (stem 静め (shizume), past 静めた (shizumeta))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 静める |
| mediopassive | 静まる |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "静める" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 静め | しずめ | shizume | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 静め | しずめ | shizume | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 静める | しずめる | shizumeru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 静める | しずめる | shizumeru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 静めれ | しずめれ | shizumere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 静めよ¹ 静めろ² |
しずめよ¹ しずめろ² |
shizumeyo¹ shizumero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 静められる | しずめられる | shizumerareru | |
| Causative | 静めさせる 静めさす |
しずめさせる しずめさす |
shizumesaseru shizumesasu | |
| Potential | 静められる 静めれる³ |
しずめられる しずめれる³ |
shizumerareru shizumereru³ | |
| Volitional | 静めよう | しずめよう | shizumeyō | |
| Negative | 静めない 静めぬ 静めん |
しずめない しずめぬ しずめん |
shizumenai shizumenu shizumen | |
| Negative continuative | 静めず | しずめず | shizumezu | |
| Formal | 静めます | しずめます | shizumemasu | |
| Perfective | 静めた | しずめた | shizumeta | |
| Conjunctive | 静めて | しずめて | shizumete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 静めれば | しずめれば | shizumereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN