高句麗
Chinese
| phonetic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (高句麗) | 高 | 句 | 麗 | |
| simp. (高句丽) | 高 | 句 | 丽 | |
| alternative forms | 高句驪／高句骊 高勾麗／高勾丽 | |||
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Korean [Term?]. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from Old Korean?”)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: Gāogōulí
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ ㄍㄡ ㄌㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Gaogoulí
- Wade–Giles: Kao1-kou1-li2
- Yale: Gāu-gōu-lí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Gaugouli
- Palladius: Гаогоули (Gaogouli)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gou1 ngau1 lei4
- Yale: gōu ngāu lèih
- Cantonese Pinyin: gou1 ngau1 lei4
- Guangdong Romanization: gou1 ngeo1 léi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kou̯⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Middle Chinese: kaw kuw lje
Proper noun
高句麗
- (historical) Goguryeo (an ancient kingdom in modern Korea, one of the Three Kingdoms, existing from 37 BCE to 668 C.E.; at its maximum covering all of North Korea, the northern part of South Korea, parts of Manchuria in northeast China, and parts of Primorsky Krai in Russia)
Coordinate terms
Descendants
- → English: Gaogouli, Kaokouli, Kao-kou-li
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | ||
|---|---|---|
| 高 | 句 | 麗 |
| こう Grade: 2 |
く Grade: 5 |
り Grade: S |
| on'yomi | ||
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 高勾麗 |
/kaukuri/ → /kɔːkuri/ → /koːkuri/
From written Middle Chinese 高句麗, in turn likely from some variety of Old Korean.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ko̞ːkɯ̟ɾʲi]
Proper noun
高句麗 • (Kōkuri) ←かうくり (Kaukuri)?
- (historical) Goguryeo (an ancient kingdom in modern Korea, one of the Three Kingdoms, existing from 37 BCE to 668 C.E.; at its maximum covering all of North Korea, the northern part of South Korea, parts of Manchuria in northeast China, and parts of Primorsky Krai in Russia)
Synonyms
- 高麗 (koma)
Coordinate terms
- 百済 (Kudara, Hyakusai, “Baekje”, another of the Three Kingdoms)
- 新羅 (Shiragi, “Silla”, another of the Three Kingdoms)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | ||
|---|---|---|
| 高 | 句 | 麗 |
| こう > こ Grade: 2 |
く Grade: 5 |
り Grade: S |
| irregular | on'yomi | |
/koːkuri/ → /kokuri/
Alteration from Kōkuri.[1][2] This usage developed after the two failed attempts in 1274 and 1281 to invade Japan by the combined forces of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and the Goryeo kingdom.[1] Goryeo was a successor kingdom to Goguryeo, but in the popular Japanese language of the time, Goryeo was still referred to as 高句麗 (Kōkuri or Kokuri, i.e. “Goguryeo”) instead of 高麗 (Kōrai, the Japanese reading of “Goryeo”).
The adverb こくり (kokuri, “startedly, startlingly, (jumping up) suddenly”) likely derives from this usage.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ko̞kɯ̟ɾʲi]
Noun
高句麗 • (kokuri)
- something very unfortunate and scary
- これは中々天人の子ではないぞ。むくりこくりが卵よ。[3]
- Kore wa nakanaka tenjin no ko de wa nai zo. Mukuri kokuri ga tamago yo.
- I tell you, this really isn't the child of any heavenly being. This is the spawn of great googly moogly.
- これは中々天人の子ではないぞ。むくりこくりが卵よ。[3]
Usage notes
Generally always seen in combination with むくり (mukuri) or もくり (mokuri), terms of similar meaning that derive from the word 蒙古 (Mōko, “Mongolia”).[1][2] Compare the English slang phrase googly-moogly, possibly derived from this Japanese phrase.
Derived terms
- 蒙古高句麗 (mokuri kokuri, mukuri kokuri)
- 高句麗蒙古 (kokuri mokuri, kokuri mukuri)
Idioms
- 高句麗蒙古の鬼が来る (kokuri mokuri no oniga kuru): “Goguryeo and the Mongol demons are coming”
Proper noun
高句麗 • (Kokuri)
- (rare) (historical) Goguryeo (an ancient kingdom in modern Korea, one of the Three Kingdoms, existing from 37 BCE to 668 C.E.; at its maximum covering all of North Korea, the northern part of South Korea, parts of Manchuria in northeast China, and parts of Primorsky Krai in Russia)
Synonyms
- 高麗 (koma)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ c. 1610: 昨日は今日の物語 (Kinō wa Kyō no Monogatari, “The Tale of Yesterday is Today”), Anrakuan Sakuden
Korean
| Hanja in this term | ||
|---|---|---|
| 高 | 句 | 麗 |
Proper noun
高句麗 • (Goguryeo) (hangeul 고구려)
- hanja form? of 고구려 : (historical) Goguryeo (an ancient kingdom in modern Korea, one of the Three Kingdoms, existing from 37 BCE to 668 C.E.; at its maximum covering all of North Korea, the northern part of South Korea, parts of Manchuria in northeast China, and parts of Primorsky Krai in Russia)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | ||
|---|---|---|
| 高 | 句 | 麗 |
Proper noun
高句麗
- chữ Hán form of Cao Câu Li: (historical) Goguryeo (an ancient kingdom in modern Korea, one of the Three Kingdoms, existing from 37 BCE to 668 C.E.; at its maximum covering all of North Korea, the northern part of South Korea, parts of Manchuria in northeast China, and parts of Primorsky Krai in Russia)