𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁

Old Uyghur

Orthographic variants
Uyghur script	𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽲 (ʾwlʾq /⁠ulaġ⁠/)^[1] 𐽰𐽳𐽿𐽳𐾁 (ʾwšwl /⁠o[ġ]ol⁠/) 𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽶 (ʾβly /⁠[oġu]l, [oġ]lu⁠/)
Orkhon script	𐰆𐰍𐰞 (uǧl¹ /⁠oġul⁠/)
Sogdian script	𐼰𐼴𐼲𐼹 (ʾwql /⁠oġul⁠/)^[2]
Syriac script	ܐܘܥܘܠ (ʾwʿwl /⁠oġul, oḥul⁠/)^[3]
Brahmi script	𑀑𑀳𑁄𑀮𑁆 (ohol /⁠oḥol, oġol⁠/) 𑀑𑀕𑁆𑀮𑀼 (oglu /⁠oġul⁠/) 𑀑𑀕𑁆𑀮 (ogla /⁠oġul⁠/) 𑀑𑀖𑁆𑀮𑀼 (oghlu /⁠oġul⁠/)^[4]
Tibetan script	ཨོག་ལི (ʔug.li /⁠oġlï⁠/, “their son”) ཨུག་ལྷི (ʔug.lhi /⁠oġlï⁠/, “their son”)^[5]
Han script	兀溫 (ngwot.ʔwon /⁠oġu[l], oʔo[l]⁠/)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ogul (“child [of any gender]; son”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰆𐰍𐰞 (uǧl¹ /⁠oġul⁠/) and Karakhanid اُغُل (oğul).

Noun

𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 (ʾwqwl /oġul/)

boy, unmarried man, young male human
Synonyms: 𐽷𐽺𐽽 (knc /⁠känč⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽾𐽶 (kwmʾry /⁠kumare⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽺 (ʾwqlʾn /⁠oġlan⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽾𐽶 (ʾwry /⁠urï⁠/)

Coordinate terms: 𐽷𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽷 (kncwk /⁠känčük⁠/), 𐽷𐽺𐽶 (kny /⁠käni⁠/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴 (qyz /⁠ḳïz⁠/)
- a. 14th century, Unidentified verses from Sanskrit Kat.-Nr. 107 (line 2, U5205.1 & Ch/U6492.6):^[6]^[7]
  𑀭𑀺𑁇 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀼𑀥𑀸 𑀧𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀚𑀺 𑀏𑀬𑀭𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀭 𑀇𑀜𑁆𑀘𑀺𑀩𑁆 𑀑𑀳𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀓𑀺𑀰𑁆𑁇
  ri. kāyudhā pārdhāji eyaryura iñcib oholkiś.
  / […] ḳayuda bardačï ärür inčip oḥol ḳïz?/
  Where will [unmarried] boys and girls go then?
son, male offspring
Synonym: 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽹𐽶𐽿 (twqmyš /⁠tuġmïš⁠/)
- c. 10th-11th centuries, Fragments from an oracle book lines 01-03, recto (U320.r1-3):^[8]
  𐽰𐽶 𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽳𐽹𐽰 𐽶𐽳𐾁 […]
  𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽹𐾀𐽶 𐽻𐽺 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽶𐽾 […]
  𐽰𐽶𐽿𐽶𐽸 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽽 […]
  ʾy mʾnynk ʾwqlwmʾ ywl […]
  twrwr ʾmty sn tnkry yr […]
  ʾyšyd pʾrmʾ ʾwl ywlc […]
  /Äy mäniŋ oġlum a! Yol[uŋ bo] turur. Amtï sän täŋri yar[lïġïn] ešid barma ol! Yolč[a] […] /
  O my son! [This] is [your] way. Now hear ye, the word of God! […]
1. embryo, unborn child
  Synonyms: 𐽰𐾀 𐽶𐽳𐽹𐽲𐽰𐽲 (ʾt ywmqʾq /⁠ät yumġaḳ⁠/), 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽰𐾁 (kʾlʾl /⁠kalal⁠/), 𐽷𐽺𐽽 (knc /⁠känč⁠/)
2. nestling, chick
  Synonyms: 𐽰𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽶 (ʾʾtʾy /⁠atay⁠/), 𐽼𐽰𐾁𐽰 (pʾlʾ /⁠bala⁠/)
prince, heir
Synonyms: 𐽼𐽰𐽷 (pʾk /⁠bäg⁠/), 𐽲𐽳𐾀𐽰𐽶𐾀𐽻𐽶 (qwtʾytsy /⁠ḥo-tai-tse⁠/), 𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽰𐽶𐾀𐽻𐽶 (qwnktʾytsy /⁠ḥuŋ-tai-tse⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk /⁠öŋ⁠/), 𐽾𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽼𐽳𐾀𐽶𐽾𐽰 (rʾcʾpwtyrʾ /⁠račaputira⁠/), 𐾀𐽰𐽶𐾀𐽻𐽶 (tʾytsy /⁠tai-tse⁠/), 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 (tykyn /⁠tegin⁠/), 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽺 (tnkrykʾn /⁠täŋrikän⁠/), 𐾀𐽾𐽷𐽰𐽺 (trkʾn /⁠tärkän⁠/)

Coordinate terms: 𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶 (qwncwy /⁠ḳunčuy⁠/), 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽺 (tnkrykʾn /⁠täŋrikän⁠/)

Declension

Declension of **𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁**
	singular	definite plural
nominative	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 (ʾwqwl)	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwqwllʾr)
genitive	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwqwlnwnk)	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwqwllʾrnynk)
dative	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽲𐽰 (ʾwqwlqʾ)	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (ʾwqwllʾrqʾ)
accusative	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 (ʾwqwlwq), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽺𐽶 (ʾwqwlny)	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾwqwllʾryq), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwqwllʾrny)
locative	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽰 (ʾwqwltʾ)	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾwqwllʾrtʾ)
ablative	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqwltyn)	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqwllʾrtyn)
instrumental	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽺 (ʾwqwlwn)	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqwllʾryn)
equative	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽽𐽰 (ʾwqwlcʾ)
directive	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwqwlqʾrw), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽾𐽰 (ʾwqwlrʾ)
similative	𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwqwllʾyw)

Compound terms

𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽶 (ʾwqwl ʾʾqryqy /⁠oġul aġrïġï⁠/, “labor, birth pangs”, literally “unborn child-pain”)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽶 (ʾwqwl ʾwqly /⁠oġul oġlï⁠/, “grandson, grandchildren”)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐽲𐽶𐽴 (ʾwqwl qyz /⁠oġul ḳïz⁠/, “sons and daughters”)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwqwl kʾlwrmʾk /⁠oġul kälür-⁠/, “to give birth”)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽶𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽿𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwqlyn twyšwrmʾk /⁠oġlïn tüšür-⁠/, “to have an miscarriage, to have an abortion”)

Derived terms

𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽲𐽶𐽰 (ʾwqwlqyʾ /⁠oġulḳya⁠/, “little boy; embryo”)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽺𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾwqwllʾnmʾq /⁠oġullan-⁠/, “to have children”)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽺 (ʾwqlʾn /⁠oġlan⁠/, “sons, children, slaveboys”) (irregular plural)

Descendants

Western Yugur: oɣul (oɣul)

Proper noun

𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 (ʾwqwl /Oġul/)

a unisex given name
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽶 (male) ― ʾwqwl sʾnkʾy /Oġul Saŋay/

𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐽻𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽺 (male) ― ʾwqwl snkwn /Oġul Saŋun/

𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐽻𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽳𐽾 (male) ― ʾwqwl synkqwr /Oġul Sïŋḳur/

𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐾀𐽰𐽼𐽹𐽶𐽿 (male) ― ʾwqwl tʾpmyš /Oġul Tapmïš/

𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 (female) ― ʾwqwl tykyn /Oġul Tegin/

𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽰 (male) ― ʾwqwl twnkʾ /Oġul Toŋa/

𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽿𐽳𐽹𐽶𐽿 (female) ― ʾwqwl ʾwyšwmyš /Oġul Üšümiš/

𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐽶𐽶𐾀𐽹𐽶𐽿 (female) ― ʾwqwl yytmyš /Oġul Yetmiš/

𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐽶𐽶𐽲𐽹𐽶𐽿 (male) ― ʾwqwl yyqmyš /Oġul Yïġmïš/

𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽽 (female) ― ʾwqwlʾc /Oġulač/

References

^ Misspelling, or a metathesized form.
^ Fragmentary, may also be read as 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽺 (ʾwqlʾn /⁠oġlan⁠/, “sons, children”).
^ Attested as ܐܘܥ (ʾwʿ /⁠oḥ⁠/), with the second syllable missing.
^ Attested as 𑀑𑀖𑁆𑀮𑀼𑀫𑁆 (oghlum /⁠oġlum⁠/, “my son”)
^ Uncertain.
^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u5205seite2.jpg
^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/ch_u/images/chu6492versototal.jpg
^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u0320seite2.jpg

Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “oġul, Oġul”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 139
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “oğul”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 83-84
Dieter, Maue (2015) Alttürkische Handschriften: Dokumente in Brāhmī und Tibetischer Schrift (Teil 2) (Verzeichnis der orientalischen handschriften in Deutschland; 27) (in German), →ISBN, pages 204-205
Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) ogul”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 504
Zieme, Peter (2015) Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien (Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies; 41) (in German), →ISBN, page 120

[1] Misspelling, or a metathesized form.

[2] Fragmentary, may also be read as 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽺 (ʾwqlʾn /⁠oġlan⁠/, “sons, children”).

[3] Attested as ܐܘܥ (ʾwʿ /⁠oḥ⁠/), with the second syllable missing.

[4] Attested as 𑀑𑀖𑁆𑀮𑀼𑀫𑁆 (oghlum /⁠oġlum⁠/, “my son”)

[5] Uncertain.

[6] ttps://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u5205seite2.jpg

[7] ttps://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/ch_u/images/chu6492versototal.jpg

[8] ttps://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u0320seite2.jpg

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