𐽲𐽶𐽴
Old Uyghur
| Uyghur script | 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴 (q̈yz /ḳïz/) 𐽲𐽶𐽻 (qys /ḳïs/) |
|---|---|
| Manichaean script | 𐫠𐫏𐫉 (q̈yz /ḳïz/)[1] |
| Syriac script | ܚܝܙ (ḥyz /ḳïz, ḥïz/) |
| Brahmi script | 𑀓𑀺𑀛𑁆 (kijh /ḳïz/)[2] 𑀓𑀺𑀲𑁆 (kis /ḳïs, ḳïz/)[3] 𑀳𑁆𑀓𑀺𑀛𑁆 (hkijh /ḳïz/)[4] |
| Han script | 乞思 (khj.si /ḳïs/) |
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kï̄ŕ (“girl”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰶𐰃𐰕 (q̊²iz /qïz/) and Karakhanid قٖيزْ (qï̄z).
Noun
𐽲𐽶𐽴 (qyz /ḳïz/)
- girl, unmarried woman, young female human
- Synonyms: 𐽷𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽷 (kncwk /känčük/), 𐽷𐽺𐽶 (kny /käni/)
- Coordinate terms: 𐽷𐽺𐽽 (knc /känč/), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽺 (ʾwqlʾn /oġlan/), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 (ʾwqwl /oġul/), 𐽰𐽳𐽾𐽶 (ʾwry /urï/)
- c. 10th century, A Khotanese-Uyghur wedding procession Pelliot Chinois 2998.3-6 (lines 3-6):[5]
- 𐽶𐽶𐾁 𐽼𐽶𐽿𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽶 𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽺 𐽰𐽶𐾁 𐽶𐾁𐽱𐽰𐽽
𐽲𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽴𐾃 𐽿𐽰𐽽𐽳𐽲𐽰 𐽶𐽳𐽴𐾃 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽰𐽶𐽾
𐽲𐽶𐽴 𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽶 𐽲𐽶𐽴 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽴𐾃 𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳
𐽰𐽰𐽽𐽶𐽲 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽴 𐽰𐽳𐽷𐾀𐽶𐽷- yyl pyšyc ʾʾy ʾltwn ʾyl ylβʾc
qʾltymʾẓ šʾcwqʾ ywẓ ʾylyq ʾyr
qyz qwlʾqʾly qyz pwltwmʾẓ ʾdkw
ʾʾcyq ʾʾqryq pwltwmwz ʾwktyk - /[Yunt] yïl beši[n]č ay; Altun El yalavač kältimiz, Šačuḳa yüz ellig e[l]?[6] ḳïz ḳolaġalï ḳïz bultumuz. Ädgü ačïġ aġrïġ bultumuz. Ögtäki […] /
- At the fifth month of the Year of the Horse;[7] we, ambassadors from the Golden State, arrived at Šačuḳa to ask to court girls[8] from the land of a hundred kings.[9] We found the girls to court. We [also] obtained good favors and honors. […]
- yyl pyšyc ʾʾy ʾltwn ʾyl ylβʾc
- 𐽶𐽶𐾁 𐽼𐽶𐽿𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽶 𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽺 𐽰𐽶𐾁 𐽶𐾁𐽱𐽰𐽽
- daughter, female offspring
- Coordinate terms: 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 (ʾwqwl /oġul/), 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽹𐽶𐽿 (twqmyš /tuġmïš/)
- c. 10th century, Bäg Bars Tarḳan (𐽼𐽰𐽷 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽻 𐾀𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺), A complaint letter to a child-neglecting Buddhist recluse Or.8212/180.5-6 (r05-06):[10]
- 𐽹𐽺 𐽻𐽰𐽺 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽹𐽳𐽺𐾀𐽰 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐽺𐽰𐽷𐽳𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽵
𐽰𐽰𐽽𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽽𐽶 𐽷𐽶𐽹 𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽺 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽵 𐽰𐽶𐽸𐽶 𐽹𐽳 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽴 𐽻𐽰𐽺- mn sʾn pyr mwntʾ kʾlsʾr nʾkwl sʾnynk ʾwqwl qyzyx
ʾʾcynqwcy kym ʾwl sʾn ʾwqwl qyzyx ʾydy mw ʾwymʾz sʾn - / […] men. Sän bir munta kälsär nägül? Säniŋ oġul ḳïzïġ ačïnġučï kim ol? Sän oġul ḳïzïġ ïdï mu ömäz sän?/
- Even if you come here once,[11] what difference does it make? Who is it who looks after your sons and daughters? Don't you think of your sons and daughters at all?
- mn sʾn pyr mwntʾ kʾlsʾr nʾkwl sʾnynk ʾwqwl qyzyx
- 𐽹𐽺 𐽻𐽰𐽺 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽹𐽳𐽺𐾀𐽰 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐽺𐽰𐽷𐽳𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽵
- (sociology) maiden, slavegirl
- Synonyms: 𐰉𐰃𐰨𐰆 (b¹inču /abïnču/), 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽺 (kʾlyn /kälin/), 𐽲𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽶𐽺 (qyrqyn /ḳïrḳïn/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (kwynk /küŋ/)
- Coordinate terms: 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽺 (ʾwqlʾn /oġlan/), 𐾀𐽰𐽼𐽲𐽽𐽶 (tʾpqcy /tapïġčï/), 𐽰𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽲𐽽𐽶 (ʾwdwqcy /uduġčï/)
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴 (qyz) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (qyzlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qyznynk) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qyzlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰 (qyzqʾ) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (qyzlʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽲 (qyzyq), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽶 (qyzny) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (qyzlʾryq), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (qyzlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾀𐽰 (qyztʾ) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (qyzlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qyztyn) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qyzlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽺 (qyzyn) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (qyzlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽽𐽰 (qyzcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (qyzqʾrw), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽾𐽰 (qyzrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (qyzlʾyw) |
Compound terms
Derived terms
Descendants
- Western Yugur: ɢəz (gïz, gïs)
Proper noun
𐽲𐽶𐽴 (qyz /Ḳïz/)
- a female given name
- 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴 𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽶𐽿 ― q̈yz twrmyš /Ḳïz Turmïš/
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïŕ (“expensive, precious; miserly”). Cognate with Karakhanid قِزْ (qïz) and Chuvash хĕрхен (hĕrh̬en, “to be stingy, to be miserly”).
Noun
𐽲𐽶𐽴 (qyz /ḳïz/)
- miserliness, being short on money, skimpiness, stinginess
- Synonyms: 𐽷𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽷 (kʾmrʾk /kämräk/), 𐽲𐽶𐽱𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲 (qyβyrqʾq /ḳïvïrḳaḳ/), 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽺 (sʾrʾn /saran/)
- c. 11th century, Raymasṭ Frazend (𐫡𐫀𐫏𐫖𐫘𐫎 𐫜𐫡𐫉𐫏𐫗𐫅), Xᵘāstvānīft XI.B 230-233 (lines 1-4):[12]
- 𐫀𐫡𐫎𐫇𐫇 𐫲 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫇 𐫖𐫇𐫗𐫃 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫝𐫇𐫗 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫇
𐫛𐫇𐫢𐫏𐫏 𐫁𐫏𐫡𐫃𐫀𐫓𐫏𐫏 𐫠𐫏𐫉𐫄𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫛
𐫏𐫏𐫎𐫏𐫏 𐫎𐫇𐫏𐫡𐫓𐫇𐫃 𐫛𐫇𐫢𐫏𐫏 𐫗𐫇𐫖𐫠𐫀
𐫎𐫇𐫏𐫞𐫀𐫎𐫏𐫏 𐫁𐫏𐫡𐫇 𐫀𐫇𐫖𐫀𐫔𐫖𐫉 𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫀𐫡- ʾrṯww .. ʾʾzw mwng ʾwycwn ʾʾzw
pwšyy byrgʾlyy q̈yzɣʾnyp
yyṯyy ṯwyrlwg pwšyy nwmq̈ʾ
ṯwyqʾṯyy byrw ʾwmʾδmz ʾrsʾr - / […] ärtii. Azu muŋ üčün, azu pušïï bergälii ḳïzġanïp yetii türlüg pušïï nomḳa tükätii birü umadïmïz ärsär; […] /
- If we, either because of distress, or being miserly about giving alms, should have not been able to give the sevenfold alms to its full extent to our religion; […]
- ʾrṯww .. ʾʾzw mwng ʾwycwn ʾʾzw
- 𐫀𐫡𐫎𐫇𐫇 𐫲 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫇 𐫖𐫇𐫗𐫃 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫝𐫇𐫗 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫇
- (rare, figurative) hunger, desperation, destituteness
- Synonyms: 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲 (qʾdʾq /ḳadaġ/), 𐽷𐽰𐽶 (kʾy /käy/)
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴 (qyz) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (qyzlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qyznynk) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qyzlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰 (qyzqʾ) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (qyzlʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽲 (qyzyq), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽶 (qyzny) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (qyzlʾryq), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (qyzlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾀𐽰 (qyztʾ) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (qyzlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qyztyn) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qyzlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽺 (qyzyn) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (qyzlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽽𐽰 (qyzcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (qyzqʾrw), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽾𐽰 (qyzrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (qyzlʾyw) |
Compound terms
Derived terms
References
- ^ Attested as 𐫠𐫏𐫉𐫄𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫛 (q̈yzɣʾnyp /ḳïzġanïp/, “being miserly”).
- ^ Attested as 𑀮𑁆𑀓𑀺𑀛𑁆 (lkijh /[oġu]l ḳïz/, “boys and girls”).
- ^ Attested as 𑀓𑀺𑀲𑀺 (kisi /ḳïsï/).
- ^ Attested as 𑀳𑁆𑀓𑀺𑀛𑁆𑀖𑀼𑀭𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀫𑁆 (hkijhghurālim /Ḳïzġuralïm./, “Let us be miserly.”).
- ^ https://idp.bl.uk/uv/?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.idp.bl.uk%2Fiiif%2F3%2Fmanifest%2FADE637D760E94A4F9420D8342479A31B#?c=&m=&cv=20&xywh=-1%2C-734%2C1536%2C2433
- ^ Reading and meaning uncertain.
- ^ More precisely, either the year 982 or 994.
- ^ Could also mean "daughters" in this context.
- ^ As in, the land that was ruled by a hundred kings, not from a hundred separate kingdoms.
- ^
- Hamilton, James Russell (1986) Manuscrits Ouïgours du IXᵉ-Xᵉ Siècle de Touen-Houang (Fondation Singer-Polignac) (in French), →ISBN, page 310, Fac-similé 25
- ^ as in, once in a blue moon.
- ^ https://idp.bl.uk/uv/?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.idp.bl.uk%2Fiiif%2F3%2Fmanifest%2F192566F9732149E7B230100C6362D516#?c=&m=&cv=10&xywh=-210%2C25%2C1562%2C1558
- Asmussen, Jens Peter (1965) Xᵘāstvānīft: Studies in Manichaeism (Acta Theologica Danica; VII), pages 176, 197
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ḳïz”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 178
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “(1, 2) kı:z”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 679-680
- Hamilton, James Russell (1986) Manuscrits Ouïgours du IXᵉ-Xᵉ Siècle de Touen-Houang (Fondation Singer-Polignac) (in French), →ISBN, pages 93-94
- Hamilton, James Russell (1986) Manuscrits Ouïgours du IXᵉ-Xᵉ Siècle de Touen-Houang (Fondation Singer-Polignac) (in French), →ISBN, page 134
- Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), “QÏZ (I, II)”, in Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, page 449
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1, 2) kız”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 376
- Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012) Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü[1] (in Turkish), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 77